The aim of this study was to summarise the literature reporting the risk factors for mortality in the mussel species Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis in order to identify potential science‐based solutions to prevent or mitigate mussel mortality outbreaks. We followed the PRISMA methodology: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. The studied corpus of 91 publications (114 studies) was highly heterogeneous with respect to the methodological approaches used to define or estimate mussel mortality and the related putative risk factors. Results showed that the mortality risk of both mussel species M. edulis and M. galloprovincialis varied across the seasons, increased with an elevated seawater temperature above a thermal threshold of 20 and 24°C, respectively, decreased by protecting mussels from predation, and was associated with the presence of pathogens in M. edulis. For M. galloprovincialis, using mussel spat from the same area where the farming is carried out and farming them together with another mussel species appears to reduce the mortality risk. However, for M. edulis, this could be achieved by using pure crosses and in particular mussel spat having a selected genotype. For wild bed conservation, sand accumulation and anthropogenic sedimentation should be minimised. Our analysis showed that current approaches to this research topic are limited and are unlikely to yield actionable evidence to identify mussel mortality prevention or mitigation strategies. Therefore, recommendations are offered to increase the ability of future eco‐epidemiological research to identify multiple exposures associated with mussel mortality, underpinned by standardised efforts and cooperative initiatives.

中文翻译：

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海水贻贝和食用贻贝的死亡率：系统的危险因素文献综述及对未来研究的建议

这项研究的目的是总结报道贻贝Mytilus edulis和Mytilus galloprovincialis的死亡风险因素的文献，以便确定预防或减轻贻贝死亡率暴发的潜在科学方法。我们遵循PRISMA方法：系统评价和元分析的首选报告项目。在用于定义或估计贻贝死亡率和相关推定危险因素的方法论方法方面，研究的91种出版物（114项研究）的语料库高度异类。结果表明，贻贝M. edulis和M. galloprovincialis的死亡风险整个季节的变化各不相同，分别随着海水温度升高（分别高于20和24°C的热阈值）而增加，通过保护贻贝免于被捕食而降低，并且与蓝靛果中病原体的存在有关。对于M. galloprovincialis来说，在进行养殖的同一地区使用贻贝繁殖，并将它们与另一种贻贝一起养殖似乎可以降低死亡风险。但是，对于可食的M. edulis，这可以通过使用纯杂交种，特别是具有选定基因型的贻贝来实现。为了保护野床，应尽量减少沙粒堆积和人为沉积。我们的分析表明，当前针对该研究主题的方法是有限的，并且不太可能产生可操作的证据来确定贻贝死亡率的预防或缓解策略。因此，在标准化工作和合作倡议的基础上，提出了一些建议，以增强未来的生态流行病学研究的能力，以查明与贻贝死亡率有关的多重暴露。