Snow microbiome functional analyses reveal novel aspects of microbial metabolism of complex organic compounds.,MicrobiologyOpen

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Snow microbiome functional analyses reveal novel aspects of microbial metabolism of complex organic compounds.
MicrobiologyOpen ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 , DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1100
Chengsheng Zhu ₁ , Maximilian Miller ₁ , Nicholas Lusskin ₁ , Benoît Bergk Pinto ₂ , Lorrie Maccario _{2,

3} , Max Häggblom ₁ , Timothy Vogel ₂ , Catherine Larose ₂ , Yana Bromberg _{1,

4}

Affiliation

Microbes active in extreme cold are not as well explored as those of other extreme environments. Studies have revealed a substantial microbial diversity and identified cold‐specific microbiome molecular functions. We analyzed the metagenomes and metatranscriptomes of 20 snow samples collected in early and late spring in Svalbard, Norway using mi‐faser, our read‐based computational microbiome function annotation tool. Our results reveal a more diverse microbiome functional capacity and activity in the early‐ vs. late‐spring samples. We also find that functional dissimilarity between the same‐sample metagenomes and metatranscriptomes is significantly higher in early than late spring samples. These findings suggest that early spring samples may contain a larger fraction of DNA of dormant (or dead) organisms, while late spring samples reflect a new, metabolically active community. We further show that the abundance of sequencing reads mapping to the fatty acid synthesis‐related microbial pathways in late spring metagenomes and metatranscriptomes is significantly correlated with the organic acid levels measured in these samples. Similarly, the organic acid levels correlate with the pathway read abundances of geraniol degradation and inversely correlate with those of styrene degradation, suggesting a possible nutrient change. Our study thus highlights the activity of microbial degradation pathways of complex organic compounds previously unreported at low temperatures.

中文翻译：

雪微生物组功能分析揭示了复杂有机化合物微生物代谢的新方面。

在极端寒冷环境中活动的微生物没有像其他极端环境中那样被充分研究。研究表明，微生物具有很大的多样性，并确定了特定于寒冷的微生物分子功能。我们使用基于读取的计算微生物组功能注释工具mifaser分析了挪威斯瓦尔巴特群岛早春和春季末收集的20个雪样的元基因组和转录组。我们的结果表明，早春样品与晚春样品中微生物组的功能和活性更加多样化。我们还发现，早春样品中，同样品元基因组和元转录组之间的功能差异明显更高。这些发现表明，早春样品可能含有更多的休眠（或死亡）生物体DNA，而晚春样品则反映出一种新的，代谢活跃的社区。我们进一步表明，测序读数的丰富性映射至春末基因组和元转录组中与脂肪酸合成相关的微生物途径，与这些样品中测得的有机酸水平显着相关。同样，有机酸水平与香叶醇降解的途径阅读丰度相关，而与苯乙烯降解的途径丰度成反比，表明可能发生营养变化。因此，我们的研究强调了以前在低温下未报道的复杂有机化合物的微生物降解途径的活性。我们进一步表明，测序读数的丰富性映射至春末基因组和元转录组中与脂肪酸合成相关的微生物途径，与这些样品中测得的有机酸水平显着相关。同样，有机酸水平与香叶醇降解的途径阅读丰度相关，而与苯乙烯降解的途径丰度成反比，表明可能发生营养变化。因此，我们的研究强调了以前在低温下未报道的复杂有机化合物的微生物降解途径的活性。我们进一步表明，测序读数的丰富性映射至春末基因组和元转录组中与脂肪酸合成相关的微生物途径，与这些样品中测得的有机酸水平显着相关。同样，有机酸水平与香叶醇降解的途径阅读丰度相关，而与苯乙烯降解的途径丰度成反比，表明可能发生营养变化。因此，我们的研究强调了以前在低温下未报道的复杂有机化合物的微生物降解途径的活性。

更新日期：2020-09-28

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