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Personality and behavioral changes in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) following the death of herd members
Integrative Zoology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 , DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12476 Lucy Rutherford 1 , Lindsay E Murray 1
Integrative Zoology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 , DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12476 Lucy Rutherford 1 , Lindsay E Murray 1
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Elephants are highly social beings with complex individual personalities. We know that elephants have a general interest in death, investigating carcasses, not just limited to kin; however, research does not explore in depth whether individuals change their behavior or personality following traumatic events, such as the death of a conspecific. Within a captive herd of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) housed at Chester Zoo, UK, we measured social behavior and proximity and personality using the Ten‐Item Personality Inventory, and found age‐related and relationship‐related changes in both behavior and personality following the deaths of herd members. Overall, the herd spent less time socializing and engaging in affiliative behaviors following the death of the adult female when compared to baseline data, yet spent more time engaging in these behaviors after the death of two calves. The death of the central female had a dramatic impact on her infant calf, resulting in increasingly withdrawn behavior, yet had the opposite effect on her adult daughter, who subsequently established a more integrated role within the herd. Emotional Stability fell in the motherless calf but rose in an adult female, who had lost her adult daughter, but had a new calf to care for. We suggest that the greater impact on the behavior and personality of surviving herd members following the deaths of calves, compared to an adult member, attests to the significance of the unifying role played by calves within an elephant herd.
中文翻译：
牧群成员死亡后亚洲象（Elephas maximus）的人格和行为变化
大象是具有高度个性的复杂社会人物。我们知道，大象对死亡具有普遍的兴趣，他们不仅要研究血统，而且还要研究尸体。但是，研究并未深入探讨个人是否会在创伤事件（例如同种异体的死亡）后改变自己的行为或性格。在一群亚洲象（Elephas maximus）位于英国切斯特动物园（Chester Zoo），我们使用“十项人格调查”（Ten-Item Personality Inventory）测量了社交行为，亲近度和人格，发现随牧民成员死亡而导致的年龄和关系相关的行为和人格变化。总体而言，与基线数据相比，成年女性去世后，牛群花费较少的时间进行社交和参与亲属行为，而两只小牛去世后，其花费了更多时间从事这些行为。中央女性的死亡对她的小牛犊产生了巨大的影响，导致行为逐渐退缩，但对成年的女儿却产生了相反的影响，成年的女儿随后在畜群中发挥了更加综合的作用。无母小腿的情绪稳定性下降，而失去了成年女儿的成年女性上升，但有一只小牛要照顾。我们建议，与成年牛犊相比，犊牛死亡后对存活的牛群成员的行为和个性的更大影响证明了牛犊在象群中发挥统一作用的重要性。
更新日期：2020-08-06
中文翻译：
牧群成员死亡后亚洲象（Elephas maximus）的人格和行为变化
大象是具有高度个性的复杂社会人物。我们知道，大象对死亡具有普遍的兴趣，他们不仅要研究血统，而且还要研究尸体。但是，研究并未深入探讨个人是否会在创伤事件（例如同种异体的死亡）后改变自己的行为或性格。在一群亚洲象（Elephas maximus）位于英国切斯特动物园（Chester Zoo），我们使用“十项人格调查”（Ten-Item Personality Inventory）测量了社交行为，亲近度和人格，发现随牧民成员死亡而导致的年龄和关系相关的行为和人格变化。总体而言，与基线数据相比，成年女性去世后，牛群花费较少的时间进行社交和参与亲属行为，而两只小牛去世后，其花费了更多时间从事这些行为。中央女性的死亡对她的小牛犊产生了巨大的影响，导致行为逐渐退缩，但对成年的女儿却产生了相反的影响，成年的女儿随后在畜群中发挥了更加综合的作用。无母小腿的情绪稳定性下降，而失去了成年女儿的成年女性上升，但有一只小牛要照顾。我们建议，与成年牛犊相比，犊牛死亡后对存活的牛群成员的行为和个性的更大影响证明了牛犊在象群中发挥统一作用的重要性。
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