The American Fisheries Society (AFS) was founded during the early days of North American fish propagation, when pioneering fish culturists first began to coax food and fishing opportunities from pails of eggs and wriggling fry. In the absence of effective regulations and the will to enforce measures to prevent overfishing and habitat loss, fisheries professionals looked to hatcheries to fully address the problem of fisheries in decline. In the intervening decades, it became clear that hatcheries were not a panacea, but could be an effective tool for both enhancement and recovery. Fish culture has been practiced in North America for well over 150 years. Thanks partly to AFS and its members, why and how we propagate fish has changed dramatically during that time. In this piece, we briefly recount the history of North American fish culture, how AFS has influenced our understanding and use of hatcheries and hatchery‐origin fish, and provide a glimpse of what transformations may yet await fish culturists.

中文翻译：

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从Johnny Fish-Seed到孵化场，再到塑造水产养殖利益相关者

美国渔业协会（AFS）成立于北美鱼类繁殖的早期，当时开创性的鱼类养殖者首先开始哄骗桶装鸡蛋和蠕动的鱼苗提供食物和捕鱼机会。在缺乏有效的法规以及缺乏采取措施防止过度捕捞和栖息地丧失的意愿的情况下，渔业专业人员寻求孵化场来充分解决渔业衰退的问题。在过去的几十年中，很明显，孵化场不是万能的，但可以成为增强和恢复的有效工具。鱼类养殖在北美已经有150多年的历史了。在一定程度上，要感谢AFS及其成员，在此期间，为什么以及如何繁殖鱼，发生了巨大变化。在本文中，我们简要介绍了北美鱼类养殖的历史，