Forest research has addressed the importance of an improved understanding of drought–stocks interactions in the dry edge of tree species range. Nonetheless, more efforts are still critically needed to link up the multiple ways by which climatic stressors can trigger tree mortality, including population‐level determinants and management. Here, we analyze the interactive effects of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), a surrogate of climatic variability in southwestern Europe, and forest stocks on tree mortality in dry‐edge populations of the most widespread Eurasian tree species, Pinus sylvestris L., in the forest of Valsaín (central Spain). Specifically, we use tree mortality data gathered since 1941 in six multiannual periods. Results suggest that the main mortality risks in these forests can occur either in positive or negative NAO phases, but that their relative impacts are critically mediated by forest structure. In NAO⁺ periods, commonly associated with warm–dry conditions in the Iberian Peninsula, a peak of mortality was found in closed forest sections, whereas the second peak, found in open forest sections, was related to NAO^‐ periods, correlated with temperate‐rainy weather conditions. This finding reinforces the key role of management—through its control on forest structure—as a driver of forest vulnerability to climate. Accounting for the multiple ways in which stocks modulate tree responses to different risks emerges as a critical element when it comes to the design of efficient adaptation measures in managed dry‐edge forests.

中文翻译：

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森林资源控制着苏格兰松树干缘森林的长期气候死亡风险

森林研究已经解决了在树种范围的干燥边缘更好地了解干旱与种群相互作用的重要性。尽管如此，仍然迫切需要更多的努力来将气候压力源可以触发树木死亡的多种方式联系起来，包括人口水平的决定因素和管理。在这里，我们分析了北大西洋涛动（NAO），西南欧气候变化的替代物以及森林资源对最广泛的欧亚树种樟子松（Pinus sylvestris）的干旱边缘种群的树木死亡率的相互作用L.，位于Valsaín（西班牙中部）的森林中。具体来说，我们使用自1941年以来在六个多年期收集的树木死亡率数据。结果表明，这些森林的主要死亡风险可能发生在NAO正阶段或负NAO阶段，但是它们的相对影响是由森林结构决定的。在NAO ⁺周期，通常与伊比利亚半岛温暖干燥条件有关，死亡的高峰期封山育林部分被发现，而第二个高峰，疏林部分发现，当时与NAO ^-期间，与温带降雨天气条件有关。这一发现通过控制森林结构，加强了管理的关键作用，从而推动了森林对气候的脆弱性。当设计有管理的干旱边缘森林中的有效适应措施时，考虑到种群调节树木对不同风险的反应的多种方式成为一个关键要素。