A green and effective extraction of oily sludge was completed by a hybrid process with tertiary amines (TA) and protonated tertiary amines (PTA), where PTA is the protonated state of TA. Compared with only TA, the crude oil recovery was improved by 3–5 % by the addition of PTA and less solid remained in the recovered crude oil. Additionally, the wettability improved with the absorption of positively charged ions of PTA on the sludge, and the interaction between heavy alkanes of crude oil and PTA promotes the detachment of crude oil from the sludge surface, enhancing the hydrophilicity of sludge. More importantly, the incomplete recovery of TA exactly takes the role of the PTA in the regenerated mixture, which can reduce the loss of solvent.

中文翻译：

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叔胺与质子化叔胺混合萃取含油污泥

通过与叔胺（TA）和质子化叔胺（PTA）的混合工艺完成了绿色有效的油污泥提取，其中PTA为TA的质子化状态。与仅使用TA相比，通过添加PTA可使原油的采收率提高了3-5％，回收的原油中残留的固体较少。此外，随着污泥中PTA带正电荷的离子的吸收，润湿性得到改善，原油中重链烷烃与PTA之间的相互作用促进了原油从污泥表面的脱离，增强了污泥的亲水性。更重要的是，TA的不完全回收正好是再生混合物中PTA的作用，可以减少溶剂的损失。