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Organoleptic assessment and median lethal dose determination of oral aldicarb in rats
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-05 , DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14448 Nathaniel C Rice 1 , Noah A Rauscher 1 , Mark C Moffett 1 , Todd M Myers 1
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-05 , DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14448 Nathaniel C Rice 1 , Noah A Rauscher 1 , Mark C Moffett 1 , Todd M Myers 1
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Aldicarb, a carbamate pesticide, is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, with oral median lethal dose (LD50) estimates in rats ranging from 0.46 to 0.93 mg/kg. A three‐phase approach was used to comprehensively assess aldicarb as an oral‐ingestion hazard. First, the solubility of aldicarb in popular consumer beverages (bottled water, apple juice, and 2% milk) was assessed. Lethality was then assessed by administering aldicarb in bottled water via gavage. A probit model was fit to 24‐h survival data and predicted a median lethal dose of 0.83 mg/kg (95% CI: 0.54–1.45 mg/kg; slope: 4.50). Finally, organoleptic properties (e.g., taste, smell, and texture) were assessed by allowing rats to voluntarily consume 3.0 mL of the above beverages as well as liquid eggs adulterated with aldicarb at various concentrations. This organoleptic assessment determined that aldicarb was readily consumed at lethal and supralethal doses. Overt toxic signs presented within 5 min post‐ingestion, and all rats died within 20 min after consuming the highest concentration (0.542 mg/mL), regardless of amount consumed. Because rats have more developed chemoreceptive capabilities than humans, these results suggest that aldicarb may be consumed in toxic or even lethal concentrations by humans in a variety of beverages or foods.
中文翻译：
大鼠口服涕灭威的感官评价和半数致死剂量测定
涕灭威是一种氨基甲酸酯类农药，是一种乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂，大鼠口服半数致死剂量 (LD50) 估计为 0.46 至 0.93 mg/kg。采用三阶段方法综合评估涕灭威作为口服摄入的危害。首先，评估了涕灭威在流行的消费饮料（瓶装水、苹果汁和 2% 牛奶）中的溶解度。然后通过管饲法在瓶装水中施用涕灭威来评估致死率。概率模型拟合 24 小时生存数据并预测中位致死剂量为 0.83 mg/kg（95% CI：0.54-1.45 mg/kg；斜率：4.50）。最后，通过允许大鼠自愿饮用3.0 mL上述饮料以及掺有不同浓度涕灭威的液体鸡蛋来评估感官特性（例如，味道、气味和质地）。该感官评估确定，涕灭威很容易以致死和超致死剂量食用。摄入后 5 分钟内出现明显的毒性迹象，所有大鼠在摄入最高浓度 (0.542 mg/mL) 后 20 分钟内死亡，无论摄入量如何。由于大鼠比人类具有更发达的化学感受能力，这些结果表明，人类在各种饮料或食物中可能以有毒甚至致命的浓度摄入涕灭威。
更新日期：2020-08-05
中文翻译：
大鼠口服涕灭威的感官评价和半数致死剂量测定
涕灭威是一种氨基甲酸酯类农药，是一种乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂，大鼠口服半数致死剂量 (LD50) 估计为 0.46 至 0.93 mg/kg。采用三阶段方法综合评估涕灭威作为口服摄入的危害。首先，评估了涕灭威在流行的消费饮料（瓶装水、苹果汁和 2% 牛奶）中的溶解度。然后通过管饲法在瓶装水中施用涕灭威来评估致死率。概率模型拟合 24 小时生存数据并预测中位致死剂量为 0.83 mg/kg（95% CI：0.54-1.45 mg/kg；斜率：4.50）。最后，通过允许大鼠自愿饮用3.0 mL上述饮料以及掺有不同浓度涕灭威的液体鸡蛋来评估感官特性（例如，味道、气味和质地）。该感官评估确定，涕灭威很容易以致死和超致死剂量食用。摄入后 5 分钟内出现明显的毒性迹象，所有大鼠在摄入最高浓度 (0.542 mg/mL) 后 20 分钟内死亡，无论摄入量如何。由于大鼠比人类具有更发达的化学感受能力，这些结果表明，人类在各种饮料或食物中可能以有毒甚至致命的浓度摄入涕灭威。
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