Selective breeding of tilapia populations started in the early 1990s and over the past three decades tilapia has become one of the most important farmed freshwater species, being produced in more than 125 countries around the globe. Although genome assemblies have been available since 2011, most of the tilapia industry still depends on classical selection techniques using mass spawning or pedigree information to select for growth traits with reported genetic gains of up to 20% per generation. The involvement of international breeding companies and research institutions has resulted in the rapid development and application of genomic resources in the last few years. GWAS and genomic selection are expected to contribute to uncovering the genetic variants involved in economically relevant traits and increasing the genetic gain in selective breeding programs, respectively. Developments over the next few years will probably focus on achieving a deep understanding of genetic architecture of complex traits, as well as accelerating genetic progress in the selection for growth‐, quality‐ and robustness‐related traits. Novel phenotyping technologies (i.e. phenomics), lower‐cost whole‐genome sequencing approaches, functional genomics and gene editing tools will be crucial in future developments for the improvement of tilapia aquaculture.

中文翻译：

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基因组学可加快罗非鱼的遗传改良。

罗非鱼种群的选择性育种始于1990年代初，在过去的三十年中，罗非鱼已成为最重要的淡水养殖品种之一，在全球125个国家中均有生产。尽管自2011年以来就已经有了基因组装配体，但罗非鱼产业中的大多数仍然依赖于经典的选择技术，即使用大量产卵或家谱信息来选择生长性状，据报道每代的遗传增益高达20％。在过去的几年中，国际育种公司和研究机构的参与导致基因组资源的快速开发和应用。预计GWAS和基因组选择将有助于揭示与经济相关性状有关的遗传变异，并分别促进选择性育种计划的遗传增益。未来几年的发展可能将集中在对复杂性状的遗传结构的深入理解上，以及在选择与生长，品质和健壮性相关的性状方面加速遗传进步。新型表型技术（即基因组学），低成本的全基因组测序方法，功能基因组学和基因编辑工具对于改善罗非鱼水产养殖的未来发展至关重要。以及在选择与生长，品质和健壮性相关的性状方面加快遗传进展。新型表型技术（即基因组学），低成本的全基因组测序方法，功能基因组学和基因编辑工具对于改善罗非鱼水产养殖的未来发展至关重要。以及在选择与生长，品质和健壮性相关的性状方面加快遗传进展。新型表型技术（即表型），低成本的全基因组测序方法，功能基因组学和基因编辑工具对于改善罗非鱼水产养殖的未来发展至关重要。