Abstract This article presents data from detailed analyses of the Initial Upper Palaeolithic personal ornaments and formal bone tools excavated from the East Chamber of Denisova Cave. The bone tools include an eyed needle and an awl made from tubular, marrow bones of large mammals. The personal ornaments include flat and volumetric beads, pendants, plaques, rings, a button/fastener, decorated bone and bracelet. They show that the Palaeolithic inhabitants of Denisova Cave used a variety of raw materials for making ornaments, including mammal teeth, mammoth ivory, ostrich eggshell, tubular bones from animals and birds, as well as different types of soft stone. Data from technological and experimental use-wear analyses elucidate long and short production sequences or chaine operatoire, used in ornament manufacture. Micro-wear examination of the artefact surfaces reveals evidence indicating the different ways in which the ornaments were used. Microscopic observations also revealed traces of red ocher pigment on the personal ornaments. This evidence of pigment usage from Denisova Cave is the oldest known in the context of symbolic behavior in the deep history of Northern and Central Asia.

中文翻译：

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来自俄罗斯阿尔泰丹尼索瓦洞东室的旧石器时代早期装饰品和正式骨器

摘要 本文提供了对从丹尼索瓦洞东洞出土的旧石器时代晚期早期个人装饰品和正式骨器的详细分析数据。骨骼工具包括有眼针和由大型哺乳动物的管状骨髓制成的锥子。个人饰品包括扁平和立体珠子、吊坠、牌匾、戒指、纽扣/紧固件、装饰骨和手镯。他们表明，丹尼索瓦洞的旧石器时代居民使用多种原材料制作装饰品，包括哺乳动物的牙齿、猛犸象牙、鸵鸟蛋壳、动物和鸟类的管状骨头，以及不同类型的软石。来自技术和实验磨损分析的数据阐明了用于装饰品制造的长短生产序列或链条操作。人工制品表面的微磨损检查揭示了表明使用装饰品的不同方式的证据。显微镜观察还发现个人饰品上有红色赭石色素的痕迹。丹尼索瓦洞穴中使用颜料的证据是北亚和中亚深厚历史中象征性行为背景下已知的最古老的证据。