Anophthalmia, characterized by the absence of an eye(s), is a rare major birth defect with a relatively unexplored neuroanatomy. Longitudinal comparison of white matter development in an anophthalmic (AC) very preterm (VPT) child with both binocular VPT and full-term (FT) children provides unique insights into early neurodevelopment of the visual system. VPT-born neonates (<32wks gestational age), including the infant with unilateral anophthalmia, underwent neuroimaging every two years from birth until 8 years. DTI images (N = 168) of the optic radiation (OR) and a control track, the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), were analysed. The diameter of the optic nerves (ON) were analysed using T1-weighted images. Significant group differences in FA and AD were found bilaterally in the OR and PLIC. This extends the literature on altered white matter development in VPT children, being the first longitudinal study showing stable group differences across the 4, 6 and 8 year timepoints. AC showed greater deficits in FA and AD bilaterally, but recovered towards VPT group means from 4 to 8 years-of-age. Complete lack of binocular input would be responsible for these early deficits; compensatory mechanisms may facilitate structural improvement over time. AC’s ON exhibited significant atrophy ipsilateral to the anophthalmic eye. Functionally, AC displayed normal visual acuity and form perception, but naso-temporal bias in motion perception. Following these groups and AC longitudinally enabled novel understanding of the joint influence of monocular vision and VPT birth on neurodevelopment.

以无眼为特征的非眼病是一种罕见的主要先天性缺陷，其神经解剖学尚未得到充分开发。在双眼VPT和足月（FT）儿童的双眼（AC）早产（VPT）儿童中白质发育的纵向比较提供了对视觉系统早期神经发育的独特见解。VPT出生的新生儿（小于32周胎龄），包括单侧性眼盲的婴儿，从出生到出生后每两年进行一次神经影像检查。分析了光辐射（OR）和控制轨迹，内囊的后肢（PLIC）的DTI图像（N = 168）。使用T1加权图像分析视神经（ON）的直径。在OR和PLIC两侧发现FA和AD的显着组差异。这扩展了有关VPT儿童白质发育改变的文献，这是第一项纵向研究，显示了在4、6和8年时间点的群体差异稳定。AC表现为双侧FA和AD的更大赤字，但在4至8岁年龄段向VPT组平均恢复。完全缺乏双眼输入将导致这些早期缺陷。补偿机制可能会促进结构的长期改进。交流电的开路在对眼眼的同侧有明显的萎缩。在功能上，AC显示正常的视敏度和形式感知，但在运动感知中出现时空偏见。跟随这些小组，AC纵向了解了单眼视觉和VPT出生对神经发育的联合影响。这是第一项纵向研究，显示了在4、6和8年时间点的稳定群体差异。AC表现为双侧FA和AD的更大赤字，但在4至8岁年龄段向VPT组平均恢复。完全缺乏双眼输入将导致这些早期缺陷。补偿机制可能会促进结构的长期改进。交流电的开路在对眼眼的同侧有明显的萎缩。在功能上，AC显示正常的视敏度和形式感知，但在运动感知中出现时空偏见。跟随这些小组，AC纵向地了解了单眼视觉和VPT出生对神经发育的联合影响。这是第一项纵向研究，显示了在4、6和8年时间点的稳定群体差异。AC表现为双侧FA和AD的更大赤字，但在4至8岁年龄段向VPT组平均恢复。完全缺乏双眼输入将导致这些早期缺陷。补偿机制可能会促进结构的长期改进。交流电的开路在对眼眼的同侧有明显的萎缩。在功能上，AC显示正常的视敏度和形式感知，但在运动感知中出现时空偏见。跟随这些小组，AC纵向了解了单眼视觉和VPT出生对神经发育的联合影响。但已恢复为VPT组的平均年龄为4至8岁。完全缺乏双眼输入将导致这些早期缺陷。补偿机制可能会促进结构的长期改进。交流电的开路在对眼眼的同侧有明显的萎缩。在功能上，AC显示正常的视敏度和形式感知，但在运动感知中出现时空偏见。跟随这些小组，AC纵向地了解了单眼视觉和VPT出生对神经发育的联合影响。但已恢复为VPT组的平均年龄为4至8岁。完全缺乏双眼输入将导致这些早期缺陷。补偿机制可能会促进结构的长期改进。交流电的开路在对眼眼的同侧有明显的萎缩。在功能上，AC显示正常的视敏度和形式感知，但在运动感知中出现时空偏见。跟随这些小组，AC纵向地了解了单眼视觉和VPT出生对神经发育的联合影响。AC显示正常的视敏度和形式知觉，但运动知觉的时空偏见。跟随这些小组，AC纵向了解了单眼视觉和VPT出生对神经发育的联合影响。AC显示正常的视敏度和形式知觉，但运动知觉的时空偏见。跟随这些小组，AC纵向地了解了单眼视觉和VPT出生对神经发育的联合影响。