Introduction

Although it seems that sleep quality can simultaneously associate with both risky driving behaviour and crash involvement, previous studies have only investigated these relationships independently, without considering their interrelationships at the same time. Our contribution to the literature is threefold: (1) we examined simultaneous effects of sleep quality, risky driving behaviour and crash involvement in an integrated structural framework, (2) we estimated indirect effect of sleep quality on crash involvement, in addition to, its direct effect, and (3) we investigated the effects of such predictors on crash involvement among professional truck drivers in a country with a low safety performance; Iran.

Methods

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in 2018 among 1031 truck drivers in rest stops along main roads of Iran. The 19-item Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the 27-item Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ) were used to measure sleep quality and risky driving behaviour, respectively. Amos.22.0 software, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesized model.

Results

SEM showed that (1) “subjective sleep quality” and “sleep duration”, in addition to their direct effect, exerted an indirect effect on crashes through mediator variables (risky driving behaviours), (2) although “habitual sleep efficiency” and “daytime dysfunction” did not directly influence crashes, they were indirectly associated with crash involvement. The “habitual sleep efficiency” was significantly correlated with the reduction of errors and crashes. Increased “daytime dysfunction” was also indirectly related to the growing number of crashes by amplifying aggressive violations, and (3) “sleep disorders” and “sleep latency” solely had a direct effect on crash involvement.

Conclusions

Policymakers could (1) build suitable rest stops to improve sleep quality, (2) control drivers' work hours to increase sleep duration and (3) relieve drivers’ occupational pressures to lower the probability of traffic crashes.

中文翻译：

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“我既睡不好也不谨慎开车”：睡眠质量如何直接或间接地与碰撞事故相关？

介绍

尽管似乎睡眠质量可以同时与危险的驾驶行为和碰撞事故相关联，但以前的研究仅独立研究了这些关系，而没有同时考虑它们之间的相互关系。我们对文献的贡献是三方面的：（1）我们在综合结构框架中研究了睡眠质量，危险驾驶行为和撞车事故的同时影响；（2）我们估计了撞车事故对撞车事故的间接影响，以及其对撞车事故的间接影响。直接影响；（3）我们调查了此类预测指标对安全绩效较低的国家/地区专业卡车驾驶员中撞车事故的影响；伊朗。

方法

2018年对伊朗主要道路沿线停靠站的1031名卡车司机进行了横断面调查。匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）19个项目和驾驶员行为问卷（DBQ）27个项目分别用于测量睡眠质量和危险的驾驶行为。使用Amos.22.0软件，结构方程模型（SEM）来测试假设的模型。

结果

扫描电镜显示：（1）“主观睡眠质量”和“睡眠持续时间”除了直接影响外，还通过中介变量（危险驾驶行为）对撞车产生间接影响，（2）尽管“习惯性睡眠效率”和“白天功能障碍”并没有直接影响撞车事故，而是与撞车事故间接相关。“习惯性睡眠效率”与减少错误和崩溃显着相关。通过加剧侵略性侵犯，“日间功能障碍”的增加也与越来越多的撞车事件间接相关；（3）“睡眠障碍”和“睡眠潜伏期”仅直接影响撞车事故。

结论

政策制定者可以（1）建立合适的休息站以改善睡眠质量；（2）控制驾驶员的工作时间以增加睡眠时间；以及（3）减轻驾驶员的职业压力以降低交通事故的可能性。