Personalized medicine (PM) aims to optimize patient management, taking into account the individual traits of each patient. The main purpose of PM is to obtain the best response, improving health care and lowering costs. Extending traditional approaches, PM introduces novel patient-specific paradigms from diagnosis to treatment, with greater precision. In neuro-oncology, the concept of PM is well established. Indeed, every neurosurgical intervention for brain tumors has always been highly personalized. In recent years, PM has been introduced in neuro-oncology also to design and prescribe specific therapies for the patient and the patient's tumor. The huge advances in basic and translational research in the fields of genetics, molecular and cellular biology, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have led to the introduction of PM into clinical practice. The identification of a patient's individual variation map may allow to design selected therapeutic protocols that ensure successful outcomes and minimize harmful side effects. Thus, clinicians can switch from the "one-size-fits-all" approach to PM, ensuring better patient care and high safety margin. Here, we review emerging trends and the current literature about the development of PM in neuro-oncology, considering the positive impact of innovative advanced researches conducted by a neurosurgical laboratory.

中文翻译：

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精准医学时代恶性脑肿瘤的个性化和转化方法：现代神经外科和神经肿瘤科经验丰富的神经外科实验室的战略贡献

个性化医疗 (PM) 旨在优化患者管理，同时考虑到每个患者的个体特征。PM 的主要目的是获得最佳反应、改善医疗保健和降低成本。PM 扩展了传统方法，以更高的精度引入了从诊断到治疗的新型患者特定范式。在神经肿瘤学中，PM 的概念已经确立。事实上，每一种针对脑肿瘤的神经外科干预措施一直都是高度个性化的。近年来，PM 还被引入神经肿瘤学，以设计和规定针对患者和患者肿瘤的特定疗法。遗传学、分子和细胞生物学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、和代谢组学已将 PM 引入临床实践。患者个体变异图的识别可以允许设计选定的治疗方案，以确保成功的结果并将有害的副作用降至最低。因此，临床医生可以从“一刀切”的方法转向 PM，确保更好的患者护理和高安全边际。在这里，考虑到神经外科实验室进行的创新高级研究的积极影响，我们回顾了神经肿瘤学中 PM 发展的新兴趋势和当前文献。