Abstract Soil-water-climate-vegetation interactions jointly determine the ability of landscapes to provide ecosystem functions and services. In particular, spatio-temporal patterns in soil moisture underpin landscape ecohydrology. Though these patterns have been of interest to researchers for some time, there is new interest in the topic today as city managers engineer green infrastructure (GI) into urban landscapes. This paper presents soil moisture data collected from 2012 to 2014, and weighing lysimeter observations continuing through 2016, in two urban GI systems. Relationships between precipitation history, season, soil depth, hydraulic loading ratio (HLR) on the frequency and magnitude of soil moisture responses are described quantitatively. A logistic regression model is used to quantify the odds that each of these variables triggers a detectable soil moisture response. The results suggest that the higher HLR site (Site 2, HLR = 3.8) had 129.7% higher odds of a soil moisture response than Site 1 (HLR = 1). The results also indicate that there are 82.9% lower odds of a response in summer than in winter. Moreover, the odds of a response decrease with increasing soil depth. The linkage between GI siting and design decisions that impact soil moisture and ecosystem services is illustrated by also reporting evapotranspiration (ET) rates at the sites as determined by the lysimeter. Higher ET observed during wetter conditions supports the hypothesis that GI siting and design factors that lead to higher moisture content can engender greater ecosystem services associated with this hydrologic process. Indeed, the higher HLR of Site 2 sustained higher soil moisture levels during the summer compared to Site 1.

中文翻译：

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在设计的城市绿色基础设施系统中观察到的土壤水分变化以及与生态系统服务的联系

摘要 土壤-水-气候-植被相互作用共同决定了景观提供生态系统功能和服务的能力。特别是，土壤水分的时空模式是景观生态水文学的基础。尽管研究人员对这些模式感兴趣已经有一段时间了，但随着城市管理者将绿色基础设施 (GI) 设计到城市景观中，今天对该主题产生了新的兴趣。本文介绍了 2012 年至 2014 年收集的土壤水分数据，以及两个城市 GI 系统中持续到 2016 年的蒸渗仪观测数据。定量描述了降水历史、季节、土壤深度、水力载荷比 (HLR) 与土壤水分响应频率和幅度之间的关系。逻辑回归模型用于量化这些变量中的每一个触发可检测的土壤湿度响应的几率。结果表明，HLR 较高的站点（站点 2，HLR = 3.8）与站点 1（HLR = 1）相比，土壤水分响应的几率高 129.7%。结果还表明，夏季响应的几率比冬季低 82.9%。此外，响应的几率随着土壤深度的增加而降低。地理标志选址与影响土壤水分和生态系统服务的设计决策之间的联系还通过报告由蒸渗仪确定的地点的蒸散 (ET) 率来说明。在更潮湿的条件下观察到的更高的 ET 支持这样一个假设，即导致更高水分含量的 GI 选址和设计因素可以产生与该水文过程相关的更大的生态系统服务。事实上，与站点 1 相比，站点 2 较高的 HLR 在夏季维持了较高的土壤湿度水平。