Abstract Soil biological properties are essential for sustainable agriculture development. A five-year field experiment was conducted to understand the effects of mineral fertilizers combined with straw returning on bacterial community composition and enzyme activities in paddy soil. Treatments included three fertilizer rates of unfertilized (F0), half and full of conventional mineral fertilization (F1: 138.0 kg N ha−1 y−1, 67.5 kg P2O5 ha−1 y−1 and 39 kg K2O ha−1 y−1 and F2: 276.0 kg N ha−1 y−1, 135.0 kg P2O5 ha−1 y−1 and 78 kg K2O ha−1 y−1) and combined with (S1: 9.0 Mg ha−1) or without straw (S0). Organic matter content increased by 62.8% in S1F1 and 67.2% in S1F2 in the 0–10 cm soil compared to S0F0. Compared with S0F0, S1F0 treatment increased the soil available nitrogen (AN), phosphorus (AP) and potassium (AK) content by 8.8% 9.7% and 30.0%, respectively, in 0–10 cm soil. The soil phosphatase, urease and invertase activities were increased with straw returning. The treatments of S0F1 and S0F2 reduced the soil phosphatase and invertase activities. Compared with S0F0, the S1F2 treatment significantly decreased bacterial diversity, while the S1F1 alleviated the decrease of soil bacterial diversity. Bacterial of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi were the dominated phyla, and RDA identified that soil AN and SOM were closely correlated with bacterial community composition in both 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil, respectively. The higher carbon:nitrogen ratio was also observed in the S1F1, which was better for bacterial diversity. Overall, the continuous application of straw with mineral fertilizer improved soil enzyme activities and altered soil bacterial community composition. This suggests that the bacterial community respond differently to the long-term straw returning combined with mineral fertilization, which may result from different effects of C and N content or C: N ratio of soil on the composition of bacterial community.

中文翻译：

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稻田秸秆还田5年土壤细菌群落及酶活性变化

摘要 土壤生物学特性对农业可持续发展至关重要。通过为期五年的田间试验，了解矿物肥料结合秸秆还田对水稻土细菌群落组成和酶活性的影响。处理包括三种施肥量：未施肥 (F0)、传统矿物施肥的一半和全部（F1：138.0 kg N ha−1 y−1、67.5 kg P2O5 ha−1 y−1 和 39 kg K2O ha−1 y−1和 F2：276.0 kg N ha-1 y-1、135.0 kg P2O5 ha-1 y-1 和 78 kg K2O ha-1 y-1）并结合（S1：9.0 Mg ha-1）或不使用稻草（S0 ）。与 S0F0 相比，0-10 cm 土壤中 S1F1 和 S1F2 的有机质含量分别增加了 62.8% 和 67.2%。与S0F0相比，S1F0处理使土壤有效氮（AN）、磷（AP）和钾（AK）含量分别提高了8.8%、9.7%和30.0%，分别在 0-10 cm 土壤中。土壤磷酸酶、脲酶和转化酶活性随秸秆还田增加。S0F1和S0F2处理降低了土壤磷酸酶和转化酶活性。与S0F0相比，S1F2处理显着降低了土壤细菌多样性，而S1F1处理减轻了土壤细菌多样性的降低。Proteobacteria、Acidobacteria 和 Chloroflexi 的细菌是优势门，RDA 确定土壤 AN 和 SOM 分别与 0-10 cm 和 10-20 cm 土壤中的细菌群落组成密切相关。在 S1F1 中也观察到更高的碳氮比，这对细菌多样性更好。总体而言，秸秆与矿物肥料的连续施用提高了土壤酶活性并改变了土壤细菌群落组成。