Abstract This study presents an experimental investigation on the pumped two-phase cooling system designed for battery thermal management. The experimental system was established with R1233zd as the refrigerant, and a dummy battery was used to simulate the heat generation during battery operation. The thermodynamic cycle, wall temperature distribution of the cold plate and overall heat transfer coefficient were analyzed under steady state, while the transient response of the system with pump control was also studied. Results showed that the evaporating pressure of the system was not sensitive to the refrigerant mass flux, while it could be raised under higher heating loads. Both the refrigerant mass flux and vapor quality at the cold plate outlet showed little influence on the wall temperature distribution of the cold plate, however their effects on the overall heat transfer coefficient were different. An optimum value of vapor quality at cold plate outlet could be found for the pumped two-phase cooling system to achieve a maximum heat transfer coefficient. Based on this feature, a pump control program was designed and embedded into the system, and transient experiment showed that the control program could effectively handle the sharp increase of heating load. The application of the control program could lead to a near 10 K decrease in wall temperatures of the cold plate by maintaining the outlet vapor quality of the cold plate at 0.25 when the heating load was instantly raised from 100 W to 600 W, meanwhile the growth of wall temperature was also slower. The results of this study can serve as a guideline for the application of pumped two-phase cooling system on battery thermal management.

中文翻译：

---

使用 R1233zd 的泵送两相电池冷却系统的系统性能和瞬态响应的实验研究

摘要 本研究对设计用于电池热管理的泵送两相冷却系统进行了实验研究。实验系统以R1233zd为制冷剂，采用假电池模拟电池运行时的发热情况。分析了稳态下的热力循环、冷板壁温分布和整体传热系数，同时研究了泵控系统的瞬态响应。结果表明，系统蒸发压力对制冷剂质量流量不敏感，但在较高的热负荷下可以提高。冷板出口处的制冷剂质量流量和蒸汽质量对冷板壁温分布的影响不大，然而，它们对整体传热系数的影响是不同的。对于泵送两相冷却系统，可以找到冷板出口蒸汽质量的最佳值，以实现最大的传热系数。基于这一特点，设计了水泵控制程序并嵌入到系统中，瞬态实验表明该控制程序能够有效处理热负荷急剧增加的情况。应用该控制程序，当加热负荷从 100 W 瞬间提高到 600 W 时，冷板出口蒸汽质量保持在 0.25，使冷板壁温降低近 10 K，同时增加壁温也较慢。