Abstract Passive restoration and applied nucleation are important strategies for large-scale gains and cost reduction in ecological restoration projects. Passive restoration uses the natural regeneration potential while applied nucleation recreates microhabitats, which facilitates ecological succession. In this study, we assessed floristic composition, structure and functional groups as ecological indicators to compare passive restoration (fenced site 12 year ago), applied nucleation (7 years of dense seedling planting) and riparian forest. The study was carried out in a Seasonal Semi-deciduous Forest region in the Pampa biome, in the South of Brazil. We measured and identified all shrub and tree individuals greater than 30 cm in height. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey test (p

中文翻译：

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通过应用成核和被动修复将自然更新作为生态修复的指标

摘要 被动修复和应用成核是生态修复项目规模化收益和降低成本的重要策略。被动恢复利用自然再生潜力，而应用成核重建微生境，从而促进生态演替。在这项研究中，我们评估了植物区系组成、结构和功能组作为生态指标，以比较被动恢复（12 年前的围栏场地）、应用成核（7 年的密集苗木种植）和河岸林。该研究是在巴西南部潘帕生物群落的季节性半落叶林地区进行的。我们测量并鉴定了所有高度超过 30 厘米的灌木和乔木个体。方差分析 (ANOVA)，然后是 Tukey 检验 (p