Despite optimising fertiliser practice and nitrogen (N) use efficiency nitrous oxide N₂O generation from ruminant-urine deposition prevails due to the concentration of N in the urine excreted. Development and application of mitigation strategies to reduce N₂O emissions from grazed pasture systems requires knowledge of production and consumption pathways, and factors affecting these. Soil physical properties regulate the soil aeration status (redox potential) selecting for microbial pathways processing inorganic-N. Mitigation of N₂O emissions must initially target the prevention of NO and NO₂⁻ during nitrification by inhibiting ammonia oxidation, but must also consider what microbes are being targeted. Biological nitrification inhibition as a potential mitigation option in pasture systems remains under researched. Emerging research demonstrates that previously unrecognised effects of soil organic matter content, soil fertility (phosphorus levels) and non-linear effects of soil temperature on nitrification require a better understanding in relation to N₂O emissions and their mitigation.

尽管优化了肥料操作和氮（N）的使用效率，但由于排泄的尿液中N的浓度较高，反刍动物尿液中产生的N ₂ O仍很普遍。开发和应用缓解策略来减少草场系统的N ₂ O排放需要了解生产和消费途径以及影响这些途径的因素。土壤的物理性质调节着土壤的通气状态（氧化还原电位），以选择处理无机氮的微生物途径。缓解N个₂ O排放，必须首先针对预防NO和NO的₂ ^-在硝化过程中，通过抑制氨氧化，但还必须考虑针对哪些微生物。在牧草系统中，生物硝化抑制作为一种潜在的缓解方法仍在研究中。新兴的研究表明，以前无法认识到的土壤有机质含量，土壤肥力（磷水平）和土壤温度对硝化的非线性影响需要对N ₂ O排放及其缓解有更好的了解。