Heterogeneous multi-tier wireless networks deploy many small cells to overcome the scarcity of bandwidth for broadband wireless access. However, increasing the number of cells increases the rate of required handover as a mobile user passes through the boundaries of these cells leads to more signaling overhead. We address the impact of mobile users’ mobility model in the urban areas on the handover rate. We use two real data sets to model the mobility pattern of pedestrians and drivers, considering their different velocity, move length, and pause time distributions. We use Poisson Point Processes to model the spatial distribution of base stations and assume that the number of handovers is equal to the number of times the users’ trajectories cross the cell’s boundaries. We derive the distribution function of the handover rate by using the distribution function of the velocity of users. Simulation results are provided to justify the deployed mobility model and the derived analytical results for the handover rate. We find that while the trend of the handover rate against the density of base stations and bias values at different tiers deploying the derived realistic mobility models and simple random waypoint model is the same, the total number of handovers in the network has different behavior. Interestingly, we found that if the number of users increases beyond a threshold, the handover rate decreases, suggesting that the hand over rate is bounded.

异构多层无线网络部署了许多小型小区，以克服宽带无线访问带宽的不足。但是，随着移动用户穿过这些小区的边界，增加小区数量会增加所需切换的速率，从而导致更多的信令开销。我们解决了城市地区移动用户的移动性模型对移交率的影响。考虑到行人和驾驶员的速度，移动长度和停顿时间分布，我们使用两个真实的数据集对行人和驾驶员的出行方式进行建模。我们使用泊松点过程对基站的空间分布进行建模，并假设切换次数等于用户轨迹越过小区边界的次数。我们利用用户速度的分布函数推导切换率的分布函数。提供仿真结果以证明已部署的移动性模型和所得出的切换率分析结果的合理性。我们发现，虽然部署派生的现实移动性模型和简单随机路点模型的不同层上切换速率相对于基站密度和偏差值的趋势是相同的，但网络中的切换总数具有不同的行为。有趣的是，我们发现如果用户数量增加到阈值以上，则切换率会降低，这表明切换率是有界的。我们发现，虽然部署派生的现实移动性模型和简单随机路点模型的不同层上切换速率相对于基站密度和偏差值的趋势是相同的，但网络中的切换总数具有不同的行为。有趣的是，我们发现如果用户数量增加到阈值以上，则切换率会降低，这表明切换率是有界的。我们发现，虽然部署派生的现实移动性模型和简单随机路点模型的不同层上切换速率相对于基站密度和偏差值的趋势是相同的，但网络中的切换总数具有不同的行为。有趣的是，我们发现如果用户数量增加到阈值以上，则切换率会降低，这表明切换率是有界的。