Abstract In recent decades additive manufacturing (AM) has evolved from a prototyping to a production technology. It is used to produce end-use-parts for medical, aerospace, automotive and other industrial applications from small series up to 100,000 of commercially successful products. Metal additive manufacturing processes are relatively slow, require complex preparation and post-processing treatment while using expensive machinery, resulting in high production costs per product. Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) aims at optimizing the product design to deal with the complexity of the production processes, while also defining decisive benefits of the AM based product in the usage stages of its life cycle. Recent investigations have shown that the lack of knowledge on DfAM tools and techniques are seen as one of the barriers for the further implementation of AM. This paper presents a framework for DfAM methods and tools, subdivided into three distinct stages of product development: AM process selection, product redesign for functionality enhancement, and product optimization for the AM process chosen. It will illustrate the applicability of the design framework using examples from both research and industry.

中文翻译：

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增材制造设计：框架和方法

摘要 近几十年来，增材制造 (AM) 已从原型设计发展为生产技术。它用于生产医疗、航空航天、汽车和其他工业应用的最终用途零件，从小批量到 100,000 种商业成功产品。金属增材制造工艺相对较慢，需要复杂的制备和后处理处理，同时使用昂贵的机械，导致每个产品的生产成本很高。增材制造设计 (DfAM) 旨在优化产品设计以应对生产过程的复杂性，同时定义基于增材制造的产品在其生命周期的使用阶段的决定性优势。最近的调查表明，缺乏对 DfAM 工具和技术的了解被视为进一步实施 AM 的障碍之一。本文介绍了 DfAM 方法和工具的框架，细分为产品开发的三个不同阶段：AM 工艺选择、功能增强的产品重新设计以及所选 AM 工艺的产品优化。它将使用来自研究和行业的示例来说明设计框架的适用性。