Fluorescence is critical to applications in optical materials including OLEDs and photonics. While fluorescent dyes are potential key components of these materials, electronic coupling between them in the solid state quenches their emission, preventing their reliable translation to applications. We report a universal solution to this long-standing problem with the discovery of a class of materials called small-molecule ionic isolation lattices (SMILES). SMILES perfectly transfer the optical properties of dyes to solids, are simple to make by mixing cationic dyes with anion-binding cyanostar macrocycles, and work with major classes of commercial dyes, including xanthenes, oxazines, styryls, cyanines, and trianguleniums. Dyes are decoupled spatially and electronically in the lattice by using cyanostar with its wide band gap. Toward applications, SMILES crystals have the highest known brightness per volume and solve concentration quenching to impart fluorescence to commercial polymers. SMILES materials enable predictable fluorophore crystallization to fulfill the promise of optical materials by design.

荧光对于包括OLED和光子学在内的光学材料的应用至关重要。尽管荧光染料是这些材料的潜在关键成分，但它们之间的固态电子耦合会猝灭其发射，从而阻止了它们可靠地转化为应用。我们报告了发现一种称为小分子离子隔离晶格（SMILES）的材料，从而解决了这一长期存在的问题。SMILES完美地将染料的光学性质转移到固体中，可以轻松地将阳离子染料与阴离子结合的氰基大环化合物混合制成，并且可以与主要种类的商业染料一起使用，包括黄嘌呤，恶嗪，苯乙烯基，花青和三角菊。通过使用具有宽带隙的氰基星，染料在晶格中在空间上和电子上解耦。对于应用程序，SMILES晶体的单位体积亮度最高，可以解决浓度猝灭，从而将荧光赋予商业聚合物。SMILES材料使可预测的荧光团结晶能够满足光学材料设计的希望。