Attention underpins episodic memory encoding by gating information processing. However, it is unclear how different forms of attention affect encoding. Using fMRI, we implemented a novel task that separates top-down and bottom-up attention (TDA; BUA) to test how these forms of attention influence encoding. Twenty-seven subjects carried out a scanned incidental encoding task that required semantic categorisation of stimuli. Trials either required visual search (TDA) to locate a target, or the target blinked and captured attention (BUA). After a retention period, subjects performed a surprise recognition test. Univariate analyses showed that ventral visual regions and right hippocampus indexed encoding success. Psychophysiological interaction analyses showed that, during TDA, there was increased coupling between dorsal parietal cortex and fusiform gyrus with encoding failure, and between lateral occipital cortex and fusiform gyrus with encoding success. No significant connectivity modulations were observed during BUA. We propose that increased TDA to objects in space is mediated by parietal cortex and negatively impacts encoding. Also, increases in connectivity within ventral visual cortex index the integration of stimulus features, promoting encoding. Finally, the influences of attention on encoding likely depend on task demands: as cognitive control increases, task execution is emphasised at the expense of memory encoding.

注意力通过门控信息处理来支撑情景记忆编码。然而，尚不清楚不同形式的注意力如何影响编码。使用功能磁共振成像，我们实现了一项新颖的任务，将自上而下和自下而上的注意力（TDA；BUA）分开，以测试这些形式的注意力如何影响编码。二十七名受试者执行了一项扫描附带编码任务，该任务需要对刺激进行语义分类。试验要么需要视觉搜索（TDA）来定位目标，要么需要目标眨眼并引起注意（BUA）。经过一段保留期后，受试者进行了一次惊喜识别测试。单变量分析表明，腹侧视觉区域和右侧海马体指示编码成功。心理生理交互分析表明，在 TDA 过程中，编码失败时背顶叶皮质和梭状回之间的耦合增加，编码成功时外侧枕叶皮质和梭状回之间的耦合增加。 BUA 期间未观察到显着的连接调节。我们认为，空间物体 TDA 的增加是由顶叶皮层介导的，并对编码产生负面影响。此外，腹侧视觉皮层内连接性的增加索引了刺激特征的整合，促进了编码。最后，注意力对编码的影响可能取决于任务需求：随着认知控制的增加，任务执行会以记忆编码为代价得到强调。