Energy efficiency and energy balance are two important performance indexes in wireless sensor networks which determine the lifetime of networks. This paper proposes a protocol, termed as annulus division based energy-efficiency clustering protocol (ADEC), in which the monitor area is divided into several annuluses with different width. By considering the distance between sensor nodes and the base station, sensor nodes are firstly classified into different levels. Then, cluster heads selection and clusters formation are conducted independently in each annulus. Moreover, data transmission pathes are established among annuluses, and a strategy of cluster heads rotation and cluster adjustment is proposed. A key feature of this proposed algorithm is that the clustering is conducted in each annulus independently, such that a large amount of energy can be saved. Finally, the simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of ADEC in terms of energy efficiency and energy balance.

能源效率和能量平衡是无线传感器网络中两个重要的性能指标，它们决定了网络的寿命。本文提出了一种协议，称为基于环划分的能效聚类协议（ADEC），其中将监视区域划分为多个具有不同宽度的环。通过考虑传感器节点与基站之间的距离，首先将传感器节点分为不同的级别。然后，在每个环中独立地进行簇头的选择和簇的形成。此外，还建立了环之间的数据传输路径，并提出了簇头旋转和簇调整的策略。该算法的主要特点是，聚类是在每个环上独立进行的，这样可以节省大量能源。最后，仿真结果说明了ADEC在能源效率和能量平衡方面的有效性。