Construction and demolition waste (C&DW) is the largest waste stream in the European Union (EU) and all over the world. Proper management of C&DW and recycled materials—including the correct handling of hazardous waste—can have major benefits in terms of sustainability and the quality of life. The Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC aims to have 70% of C&DW recycled by 2020. However, except for a few EU countries, only about 50% of C&DW is currently being recycled. In the present research, the environmental impact of concrete with recycled aggregates and with geopolymer mixtures is analysed. The aim of the present research is to propose a comparative LCA of concrete with recycled aggregates in the context of European politics. Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is applied using Simapro© software. A cradle to grave analysis is carried out. The results are analysed based on the database Ecoinvent 3.3 and Impact 2002+. Results show that the concrete with 25% recycled aggregates is the best solution from an environmental point of view. Furthermore, geopolymer mixtures could be a valid alternative to reduce the phenomenon of “global warming”; however, the production of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide has a great environmental impact. A possible future implementation of the present study is certainly to carry out an overall assessment and to determine the most cost-effective option among the different competing alternatives through the life cycle cost analysis.

中文翻译：

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混凝土与再生骨料的比较 LCA：欧洲的循环经济思维

建筑和拆除废物 (C&DW) 是欧盟 (EU) 和全世界最大的废物流。妥善管理 C&DW 和回收材料（包括正确处理危险废物）可以在可持续性和生活质量方面带来重大好处。废物框架指令 2008/98/EC 的目标是到 2020 年回收 70% 的 C&DW。然而，除少数欧盟国家外，目前只有约 50% 的 C&DW 被回收。在目前的研究中，分析了含有再生骨料和地质聚合物混合物的混凝土对环境的影响。本研究的目的是在欧洲政治的背景下提出混凝土与再生骨料的比较 LCA。使用 Simapro© 软件应用生命周期评估 (LCA) 方法。进行了从摇篮到坟墓的分析。结果基于数据库 Ecoinvent 3.3 和 Impact 2002+ 进行分析。结果表明，从环境角度来看，含有 25% 再生骨料的混凝土是最佳解决方案。此外，地质聚合物混合物可能是减少“全球变暖”现象的有效替代品；然而，硅酸钠和氢氧化钠的生产对环境有很大的影响。本研究未来可能的实施当然是进行全面评估，并通过生命周期成本分析确定不同竞争替代方案中最具成本效益的选择。结果表明，从环境角度来看，含有 25% 再生骨料的混凝土是最佳解决方案。此外，地质聚合物混合物可能是减少“全球变暖”现象的有效替代品；然而，硅酸钠和氢氧化钠的生产对环境有很大的影响。本研究未来可能的实施当然是进行全面评估，并通过生命周期成本分析确定不同竞争替代方案中最具成本效益的选择。结果表明，从环境角度来看，含有 25% 再生骨料的混凝土是最佳解决方案。此外，地质聚合物混合物可能是减少“全球变暖”现象的有效替代品；然而，硅酸钠和氢氧化钠的生产对环境有很大的影响。本研究未来可能的实施当然是进行全面评估，并通过生命周期成本分析确定不同竞争替代方案中最具成本效益的选择。