Abstract

The results of studies of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene spore–pollen spectra and the microtheriofauna of loose deposits of four cave localities located in the Shchuger and Kozhym river basins within the territory of the Yugyd-Va National Park on the western slope of the Subpolar Urals are discussed. Assessment of the age of sediments from the karst cavities was based on the data of AMS radiocarbon dating of mammalian bones. The speleogenic formations of the localities studied contain layers assigned to the final stage of the degradation of the Polar Ural (Late Valdai) glaciation (Middle to Late Dryas) and to the Preboreal, Boreal, and Subatlantic periods of the Holocene. Cryoxerophilous tundra species predominated (88.3%) in the fossil microtheriofauna assemblage identified for the Allerød. The Middle Dryas and Allerød, the cold and warm periods of the Late Glacial, respectively, were reflected by the spore–pollen spectra. The microtheriofauna on the western slope of the Subpolar Urals remained quite cryophilous by the end of the Late Dryas. The broad distribution of yernik thickets and goosefoot–gramineous–mixed herb assemblages during that time has been established. The vegetation of the western foothills of the Subpolar Urals consisted of grass–shrub tundra with sparse spruce trees during the Late Preboreal cooling period. The microtheriofauna community also had a tundra-like composition. The presence of dark coniferous taiga forests in the south of the Subpolar Urals and sparse spruce–birch forests with pine and dwarf birch in the undergrowth in the north of the area during the Boreal period has been established. The rodent fauna acquired a forest-like character by that time. Northern taiga dark coniferous forests of spruce with a significant admixture of pine developed on the western slope of the Subpolar Urals by the middle of the Subatlantic period, and the content of tundra elements in the stands increased by the end of this period. The microtheriofauna of the studied region had a typical forest appearance characteristic of all Late Holocene taiga communities in northeastern Europe.

中文翻译：

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Yugyd-Va国家公园晚冰川和全新世期间的植被和微热动植物动态

摘要

位于Yugyd-Va国家公园境内次极乌拉尔西坡上的Shchuger和Kozhym河流域的四个洞穴地区的晚更新世和全新世孢粉谱和微沉积动物的研究结果讨论。喀斯特洞穴中沉积物的年龄评估是基于哺乳动物骨骼的AMS放射性碳测年数据。所研究地区的成虫地层中包含的层分别属于极地乌拉尔（晚期瓦尔代）冰川退化（中，晚期树蛙）和全新世的前，北，北亚大西洋时期。在为Allerød确定的化石微热动物群中，嗜冷的苔原物种占主导地位（88.3％）。中部树蛙和阿勒德，孢粉的花粉光谱分别反映了晚冰川期的寒冷和温暖时期。到亚得里亚海末期末，亚极乌拉尔西部斜坡上的微热动物区系仍然相当冷。在此期间，建立了广泛的yernik灌木丛和鹅足-牛齿-混合草本组合。亚寒带乌拉尔山脉西麓丘陵地区的植被由早寒带冷却后期的草灌木苔原和稀疏的云杉树组成。微栖动物群落也具有苔原样的成分。在北方地区，在该极地北部乌拉尔山脉以南有针叶林针叶林针叶林，在该地区北部的灌木丛中有松树和矮桦树的稀疏云杉桦木林。到那时，啮齿动物群已具有森林般的特征。到次大西洋时期中期，在亚极地乌拉尔的西坡上发展了北部针叶林的暗针叶云杉林，其中混有大量的松树，到这一时期末，林分中的苔原元素含量增加了。该研究区的微型热动物区系具有欧洲东北部所有晚全新世taiga群落的典型森林外观特征。