Although freshwater invasions have not been targeted for maintenance management or eradication as often as terrestrial invasions have, attempts to do so are frequent. Failures as well as successes abound, but several methods have been improved and new approaches are on the horizon. Many freshwater fish and plant invaders have been eliminated, especially by chemical and physical methods for fishes and herbicides for plants. Efforts to maintain invasive freshwater fishes at low levels have sometimes succeeded, although continuing the effort has proven challenging. By contrast, successful maintenance management of invasive freshwater plants is uncommon, although populations of several species have been managed by biological control. Invasive crayfish populations have rarely been controlled for long. Marine invasions have proven far less tractable than those in fresh water, with a few striking eradications of species detected before they had spread widely, and no marine invasions have been substantially managed for long at low levels. The rapid development of technologies based on genetics has engendered excitement about possibly eradicating or controlling terrestrial invaders, and such technologies may also prove useful for certain aquatic invaders. Methods of particular interest, alone or in various combinations, are gene-silencing, RNA-guided gene drives, and the use of transgenes.

中文翻译：

---

维护管理和根除已建立的水生入侵者

尽管淡水入侵不像陆地入侵那样经常成为维护管理或根除的目标，但这样做的尝试却很频繁。失败和成功比比皆是，但有几种方法得到了改进，新的方法也即将出现。许多淡水鱼类和植物入侵者已被消灭，特别是通过化学和物理方法对鱼类和植物除草剂。将入侵性淡水鱼类维持在低水平的努力有时会取得成功，尽管继续努力已证明具有挑战性。相比之下，入侵淡水植物的成功维护管理并不常见，尽管已经通过生物控制管理了几个物种的种群。入侵小龙虾种群很少长期受到控制。事实证明，海洋入侵远不如淡水入侵，在它们广泛传播之前发现了一些惊人的物种根除，并且在低水平长期没有对海洋入侵进行实质性管理。基于遗传学的技术的快速发展引起了人们对可能根除或控制陆地入侵者的兴奋，这些技术也可能对某些水生入侵者有用。特别感兴趣的方法，单独或各种组合，是基因沉默、RNA 引导的基因驱动和转基因的使用。基于遗传学的技术的快速发展引起了人们对可能根除或控制陆地入侵者的兴奋，这些技术也可能对某些水生入侵者有用。特别感兴趣的方法，单独或各种组合，是基因沉默、RNA 引导的基因驱动和转基因的使用。基于遗传学的技术的快速发展引起了人们对可能根除或控制陆地入侵者的兴奋，这些技术也可能对某些水生入侵者有用。特别感兴趣的方法，单独或各种组合，是基因沉默、RNA 引导的基因驱动和转基因的使用。