Background

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the most prevalent cause of intractable epilepsy in children. It was first described by Taylor et al. in 1971. In 2011, the International League against Epilepsy described an international consensus of classification for FCD. However, the exact mechanism causing this pathology remains unclear. The diagnosis and recognition of FCD increase with the advances in neuroradiology and electrophysiology.

Focus of review

In this paper, we discuss the literature regarding management of FCD with a focus on etiology, pathophysiology, classification, clinical presentation, and imaging modalities. We will also discuss certain variables affecting surgical outcome of patients with FCD.

Conclusion

Based on our review findings, it is concluded that surgical management with complete resection of the lesion following preoperative localization of the epileptogenic zone in patients with FCD subtypes can provide a seizure-free outcome.

中文翻译：

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局灶性皮质发育不良：病因，癫痫发生，分类，临床表现，影像学和治疗。

背景

局灶性皮质发育不良（FCD）是儿童顽固性癫痫的最普遍原因。它首先由Taylor等人描述。1971年。2011年，国际抗癫痫联盟描述了FCD分类的国际共识。但是，导致这种病理的确切机制仍不清楚。随着神经放射学和电生理学的发展，对FCD的诊断和认识不断增加。

审查重点

在本文中，我们讨论了有关FCD管理的文献，重点是病因，病理生理，分类，临床表现和影像学检查方法。我们还将讨论影响FCD患者手术结局的某些变量。

结论

根据我们的审查结果，可以得出结论，对于FCD亚型患者，在术前定位致癫痫区之后对病变进行完全切除的外科治疗可以提供无癫痫发作的预后。