The 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal damaged more than 28,000 school buildings across the affected areas. Nepali school buildings can broadly be categorized into special moment-resisting frame, brick masonry, stone masonry, timber, and composite construction (steel and masonry). This paper proposes a new methodology to designate seismic vulnerability of these building categories. The proposed methodology is based on the field study of around 3389 school buildings in central Nepal. Structural, non-structural, architectural, site conditions, seismic enhancement and retrofitting, and multi-hazard parameters are incorporated to develop a scoring system. Indexed based system is introduced using sensitivity analysis which allows the designation of total vulnerability scores to individual buildings. The scores are modified based on the level of seismic strengthening/retrofitting. Based on the total vulnerability score, a qualitative vulnerability level is assigned to the individual building. The results highlight that more than 90% of Nepali school buildings are moderate to very highly vulnerable.

中文翻译：

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尼泊尔学校建筑地震易损性评估的经验方法

2015年尼泊尔的戈尔卡地震在整个受灾地区摧毁了28,000多栋教学楼。尼泊尔的学校建筑大致可分为特殊的抗弯框架，砖砌体，石砌体，木材和复合结构（钢和砌体）。本文提出了一种新的方法来指定这些建筑物类别的地震脆弱性。拟议的方法基于对尼泊尔中部约3389所学校建筑的现场研究。结合了结构，非结构，建筑，工地条件，抗震加固和翻新以及多种灾害参数来开发评分系统。使用敏感性分析引入了基于索引的系统，该分析允许将总的脆弱性评分指定给各个建筑物。根据地震加固/改建的水平来修改分数。根据漏洞总评分，将定性漏洞级别分配给各个建筑物。结果表明，尼泊尔超过90％的学校建筑物为中等至极度脆弱。