The ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Acar: Varroidae), is a major threat for the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Varroa behavior and physiology are influenced by compounds produced by the honey bee, as well as cues from the general colony environment. As part of our effort to disrupt varroa host chemosensing, we tested 1-allyloxy-4-propoxybenzene, 3c{3,6}, a known feeding deterrent of Lepidoptera larvae and a repellent of mosquitoes of similar activity to DEET. Its effect on varroa mites was evaluated by electrophysiological and behavioral bioassays. Its effect on honey bee chemosensing was also assessed. Compound 3c{3,6} is sensed by honey bees, but the detection of the compound alone by varroa is not clear. The electrophysiological study showed that 3c{3,6} decreases the varroa foreleg responses towards head space odor of nurse bees. However, the response of honey bee antennae towards nurse bee head space odor was not affected. Consistent with electrophysiological studies, in the presence of 3c{3,6}, the ability of varroa to reach any host decreased at the end of the experiment. No lethal effect to the honey bees was recorded. These data showed that 3c{3,6} affects the peripheral olfactory system of varroa by disrupting the chemical recognition process.

中文翻译：

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捕食威慑剂1-烯丙氧基-4-丙氧基苯对瓦螨嗅觉反应和宿主选择的影响

外寄生螨，Varroa destructor Anderson 和 Trueman（Acar：Varroidae）是蜜蜂的主要威胁，Apis mellifera L。Varroa 的行为和生理受蜜蜂产生的化合物以及来自一般蜂群的线索的影响环境。作为我们破坏 varroa 宿主化学感应的努力的一部分，我们测试了 1-烯丙氧基-4-丙氧基苯、3c{3,6}，这是一种已知的鳞翅目幼虫摄食威慑剂和与避蚊胺具有相似活性的蚊子驱虫剂。其对瓦螨的影响通过电生理和行为生物测定进行评估。还评估了其对蜜蜂化学传感的影响。化合物 3c{3,6} 被蜜蜂感知，但蜂蜂单独检测该化合物尚不清楚。电生理研究表明，3c{3, 6} 降低了瓦螨前肢对护士蜂头部空间气味的反应。然而，蜜蜂触角对护士蜂头部空间气味的反应没有受到影响。与电生理学研究一致，在 3c{3,6} 的存在下，瓦螨到达任何宿主的能力在实验结束时下降。没有记录到对蜜蜂的致命影响。这些数据表明，3c{3,6} 通过破坏化学识别过程来影响瓦螨的外周嗅觉系统。