Wound healing is characterized by the re-epitheliation of a tissue through the activation of contractile forces concentrated mainly at the wound edge. While the formation of an actin purse string has been identified as one of the main mechanisms, far less is known about the effects of the viscoelastic properties of the surrounding cells, and the different contribution of the junctional and cytoplasmic contractilities. In this paper, we simulate the wound healing process, resorting to a hybrid vertex model that includes cell boundary and cytoplasmic contractilities explicitly, together with a differentiated viscoelastic rheology based on an adaptive rest-length. From experimental measurements of the recoil and closure phases of wounds in the Drosophila wing disc epithelium, we fit tissue viscoelastic properties. We then analyse in terms of closure rate and energy requirements the contributions of junctional and cytoplasmic contractilities. Our results suggest that reduction of junctional stiffness rather than cytoplasmic stiffness has a more pronounced effect on shortening closure times, and that intercalation rate has a minor effect on the stored energy, but contributes significantly to shortening the healing duration, mostly in the later stages.

中文翻译：

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连接和细胞质对伤口愈合的贡献

伤口愈合的特征是通过激活主要集中在伤口边缘的收缩力来使组织重新上皮化。虽然肌动蛋白荷包的形成已被确定为主要机制之一，但人们对周围细胞粘弹性特性的影响以及连接和细胞质收缩力的不同贡献知之甚少。在本文中，我们模拟伤口愈合过程，采用混合顶点模型，其中明确包括细胞边界和细胞质收缩力，以及基于自适应静止长度的差异化粘弹性流变学。通过对果蝇翼盘上皮伤口的反冲和闭合阶段的实验测量，我们拟合了组织粘弹性特性。然后，我们根据闭合率和能量需求分析连接和细胞质收缩力的贡献。我们的结果表明，连接刚度的降低而不是细胞质刚度的降低对缩短闭合时间具有更显着的影响，并且嵌入率对存储的能量影响较小，但对缩短愈合持续时间有显着贡献，主要是在后期阶段。