5-Hydroxymethylfurfural as a versatile organic compound is considered as a promising biomass-derived product via hydrolysis followed by dehydration of lignocellulosic biomass using solid catalysts. In this study, lignocellulosic materials (corncob) were utilized to synthesize 5-hydroxymethylfurfural via solid acid catalytic conversion. The precursor of the catalyst material was chemically impregnated with ZnCl₂ prior to carbonization. The solid catalyst was prepared with three different acid concentrations of 98%, 96%, and 94% of sulfuric acid. The prepared catalyst was characterized by acid density elemental analysis, FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The maximum result of the total acid density and amount of SO₃H group was recorded as 3.5 mmol/g and 0.61 mmol/g, respectively, with high sulfur content of 1.87%. The result from FTIR spectra of BC-SO₃H₋₁ confirms the incorporation of -SO₃H groups into the carbon material. BC-SO₃H₋₁ was selected based on the acid density and elemental analysis of the catalyst. The activity of the selected catalyst (BC-SO₃H₋₁) was studied on the transformation of corncob to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using biphasic solvent (water: ethyl acetate) and NaCl in the reaction medium. The intermediate result in the hydrolysis\dehydration reaction was analyzed using FTIR and the functional groups observed confirm the occurrence of 5-HMF in the intermediate reaction result.

中文翻译：

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固体磺化碳催化剂由玉米芯合成5-羟基甲基糠醛

5-羟甲基糠醛作为一种通用有机化合物，通过水解，然后使用固体催化剂将木质纤维素生物质脱水，被认为是一种有前途的生物质衍生产品。在这项研究中，木质纤维素材料（玉米芯）被用于通过固体酸催化转化合成5-羟甲基糠醛。在碳化之前，将催化剂材料的前体用ZnCl ₂化学浸渍。制备的固体催化剂具有三种不同的酸浓度，分别为98％，96％和94％的硫酸。通过酸密度元素分析，FTIR，XRD和SEM对制备的催化剂进行表征。总酸密度和SO ₃量的最大结果记录的H基团分别为3.5 mmol / g和0.61 mmol / g，高硫含量为1.87％。BC-SO ₃ H _-1的FTIR光谱结果证实-SO ₃ H基团结合到碳材料中。基于酸密度和催化剂的元素分析选择BC-SO ₃ H _-1。所选催化剂的活性（BC-SO ₃ H _-1）研究了在反应介质中使用双相溶剂（水：乙酸乙酯）和NaCl将玉米芯转化为5-羟甲基糠醛的方法。使用FTIR分析水解/脱水反应中的中间结果，观察到的官能团证实在中间反应结果中存在5-HMF。