Foot-and-mouth disease virus remains one of the most important livestock diseases in sub-Saharan Africa and several Southeast Asian countries. Vaccination of livestock has been recognized as an important tool for the control of foot-and-mouth disease virus. However, this intervention strategy has some limitations. Generally, vaccine production is a complex multistep process which involves development, manufacturing, and delivery processes, and through this extensive process, some challenges such as poor vaccine storage often arise. More often, these challenges alter the validity of the vaccination. Foot-and-mouth disease virus epidemic dynamics have been extensively explored, but understanding the role of vaccination validity on virus endemicity is lacking. We present a time-delayed foot-and-mouth disease model that incorporates relevant biological and ecological factors, vaccination effects, and disease carriers. We determined the basic reproduction number and demonstrated that it is an important metric for persistence and extinction of the disease in the community. Numerical illustrations were utilised to support some of the analytical results.

中文翻译：

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具有动物疫苗接种的延迟性口蹄疫模型的Lyapunov稳定性分析

口蹄疫病毒仍然是撒哈拉以南非洲和几个东南亚国家中最重要的牲畜疾病之一。牲畜的疫苗接种已被认为是控制口蹄疫病毒的重要工具。但是，这种干预策略有一些局限性。通常，疫苗生产是一个复杂的多步骤过程，涉及开发，制造和交付过程，并且通过这种广泛的过程，经常会出现一些挑战，例如疫苗储存不佳。这些挑战更多地改变了疫苗接种的有效性。口蹄疫病毒的流行趋势已得到广泛研究，但缺乏了解疫苗接种有效性对病毒特有性的作用。我们提出了一个延时的口蹄疫模型，该模型包含了相关的生物学和生态因素，疫苗接种效果和疾病携带者。我们确定了基本的繁殖数量，并证明了它是社区中该疾病持续和消灭的重要指标。数值图示被用来支持某些分析结果。