With the relatively serious global epidemic outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection, public concerns focus on not only clinical therapeutic measures and public quarantine for this disease but also the development of vaccines. The technical design of our SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine provides a viral antigen that enables the exposure of more than one structural protein based upon the antibody composition of COVID-19 patients' convalescent serum. This design led to valid immunity with increasing neutralizing antibody titers and a CTL response detected post-immunization of this vaccine by two injections in rhesus macaques. Further, this elicited immunoprotection in macaques enables not only to restrain completely viral replication in tissues of immunized animals, compared to the adjuvant control and those immunized by an RBD peptide vaccine, but also to significantly alleviate inflammatory lesion in lung tissues in histo-pathologic detection, compared to the adjuvant control with developed interstitial pneumonia. The data obtained from these macaques immunized with the inactivated vaccine or RBD peptide vaccine suggest that immunity with a clinically protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection should include not only specific neutralizing antibodies but also specific CTL responses against at least the S and N antigens.

中文翻译：

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灭活疫苗在猕猴中引发的有效保护性免疫应答能够防御SARS-CoV-2感染

随着相对严重的SARS-CoV-2感染全球流行病的爆发，公众的关注不仅集中在针对该疾病的临床治疗措施和公共检疫方面，而且也关注疫苗的开发。我们的SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗的技术设计提供了一种病毒抗原，能够根据COVID-19患者恢复期血清的抗体组成来暴露一种以上的结构蛋白。这种设计可通过增加中和抗体效价来产生有效的免疫力，并通过在恒河猴中注射两次来检测该疫苗免疫后的CTL反应。此外，与佐剂对照和RBD肽疫苗相比，这种在猕猴中引起的免疫保护不仅能够完全抑制免疫动物组织中病毒的完全复制，与发展性间质性肺炎的佐剂对照相比，还可以在组织病理学检测中显着减轻肺组织的炎性病变。从这些用灭活疫苗或RBD肽疫苗免疫的猕猴获得的数据表明，对SARS-CoV-2感染具有临床保护作用的免疫力不仅应包括特异性中和抗体，而且还应包括针对至少S和N抗原的特异性CTL反应。