Listeners must accommodate acoustic differences between vocal tracts and speaking styles of conversation partners—a process called normalization or accommodation. This study explores what acoustic cues are used to make this perceptual adjustment by listeners with normal hearing or with cochlear implants, when the acoustic variability is related to the talker's gender. A continuum between /ʃ/ and /s/ was paired with naturally spoken vocalic contexts that were parametrically manipulated to vary by numerous cues for talker gender including fundamental frequency (F0), vocal tract length (formant spacing), and direct spectral contrast with the fricative. The goal was to examine relative contributions of these cues toward the tendency to have a lower-frequency acoustic boundary for fricatives spoken by men (found in numerous previous studies). Normal hearing listeners relied primarily on formant spacing and much less on F0. The CI listeners were individually variable, with the F0 cue emerging as the strongest cue on average.

中文翻译：

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声学线索的感知权重，以适应听力正常和植入人工耳蜗的听众听到的与性别相关的谈话者差异。

听者必须适应声道和谈话对象说话风格之间的声学​​差异——这个过程称为正常化或适应。本研究探讨了当声学变异性与说话者的性别相关时，听力正常或植入人工耳蜗的听众使用哪些声学线索来进行这种感知调整。/ʃ/ 和 /s/ 之间的连续体与自然说话的声乐上下文配对，这些上下文被参数化处理以根据说话者性别的众多线索而变化，包括基频 (F0)、声道长度（共振峰间距）以及与擦音。目标是检查这些线索对男性说的摩擦音具有低频声学边界的趋势的相对贡献（在许多先前的研究中发现）。正常听力的听众主要依赖共振峰间距，很少依赖 F0。CI 听者个体不同，平均而言 F0 提示成为最强的提示。