In Chile, two quinoa ecotypes are grown: salares, also present in the highlands of Bolivia, and coastal, in central and southern areas of the country, at sea level. Genotypes from the coastal ecotype have characteristics that differentiate them from the most popular quinoa genotypes grown in the Andean Region of South America. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the cardinal temperatures for seed germination in quinoa genotypes from coastal and salares ecotypes cultivated in Chile, and (2) to study the presence of physiological dormancy (PD) in these genotypes. Seed germination from nine quinoa genotypes, two from salares and seven from coastal ecotypes, was evaluated in a gradient of temperatures between 11 and 42°C. Germination was also evaluated at 20°C at 0, 7 and 15 months from harvest. Results showed that seed from the nine genotypes germinated at their maximum percentage between 11 and 35°C. However, their faster germination occurred between 25 and 35°C. There was a significant difference between optimum temperature for germination between genotypes from coastal (28°C) and salares (30°C). An increase in germination rates after 7 months of storage suggested the presence of a non-deep PD in seeds from coastal ecotype, which may be useful to improve pre-harvest sprouting resistance in quinoa breeding programmes.

中文翻译：

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智利种植的九种藜麦基因型种子的休眠和发芽基本温度

在智利，种植了两种藜麦生态型：萨拉雷斯，也存在于玻利维亚的高地，以及沿海，在该国中部和南部地区，在海平面。来自沿海生态型的基因型具有将它们与南美洲安第斯地区种植的最受欢迎的藜麦基因型区分开来的特征。本研究的目的是：（1）确定智利沿海和萨拉雷斯生态型藜麦基因型种子萌发的基本温度，以及（2）研究这些基因型中生理休眠（PD）的存在。在 11 至 42°C 的温度梯度下评估了九种藜麦基因型的种子发芽情况，其中两种来自萨拉雷斯，七种来自沿海生态型。还在收获后 0、7 和 15 个月在 20°C 下评估发芽情况。结果表明，九种基因型的种子在 11 至 35°C 之间以最大百分比发芽。然而，它们更快的发芽发生在 25 到 35°C 之间。沿海（28°C）和salares（30°C）的基因型之间的最适发芽温度存在显着差异。储存 7 个月后发芽率增加表明沿海生态型种子中存在非深度 PD，这可能有助于提高藜麦育种计划中的收获前发芽抗性。