ABSTRACT

Species within the genus Helicosalpa are pelagic tunicates with keg-shaped solitary zooids and aggregate zooids in chains (not whorls). They are also among the most rarely collected salps, with most observations from subtropical and tropical regions. Pictures and videos of live, aggregate helicosalp species in situ are rare. As a pilot study, we present material (images and videos) showing previously poorly described characteristics for live, aggregate Helicosalpa virgula, H. cf. komaii and H. cf. younti (e.g. shape and colours of gonads with projections). Our material is based on citizen science data from both Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Helicosalpa virgula is the only helicosalp species recorded from the Atlantic Ocean, and is considered a circum-(sub) tropical species, with a few recordings in the temperate zone, off the NW coast of Scotland and the NW coast of Spain. We report on Helicosalpa virgula for the first time north to Norway (60–63°N), between Bømlo and Kristiansund. Salp species are seldom reported from nearshore Norwegian waters, although a few salp species are occasionally reported offshore. Some of these nearshore encounters may be due to climate variability, e.g. influx of warmer water mass and/or changing of ocean currents.

摘要

Helicosalpa属中的物种是上层被膜，有小桶状的单独的动物类动物和聚集的动物类动物链（而不是轮生）。它们也是最不常见的稀有植物，大部分来自亚热带和热带地区。图片和现场，聚集helicosalp种视频现场并不多见。作为试点研究中，我们本发明的材料（图像和视频）表示活，聚合先前描述的不良特性Helicosalpa virgula，ħ。cf. komaii和^ h。cf. younti（例如，带有投影的性腺的形状和颜色）。我们的材料基于来自大西洋和太平洋的公民科学数据。Helicosalpa virgula是大西洋上唯一记录的螺旋藻物种，被认为是环亚热带物种，在苏格兰西北海岸和西班牙西北海岸的温带地区有少量记录。我们首次报道了挪威北部Bømlo和Kristiansund之间（60-63°N）的Helicosalpa virgula。挪威近岸水域很少报告有鲑鱼种类，尽管在近海偶尔也有报告。这些近岸遭遇可能是由于气候的变化，例如潮水量的涌入和/或洋流的变化。