Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in the development of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract during the early postnatal period can influence brain development and vice-versa. It is increasingly recognized that communication between the GI tract and brain is mainly driven by neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic mediators, collectively called the gut-brain axis (GBA). Changes in the GBA mediators occur in response to the developmental changes in the body during this period. This review provides an overview of major developmental events in the GI tract and brain in the early postnatal period and their parallel developmental trajectories under physiological conditions. Current knowledge of GBA mediators in context to brain function and behavioral outcomes and their synthesis and metabolism (site, timing, etc.) is discussed. This review also presents hypotheses on the role of the GBA mediators in response to the parallel development of the GI tract and brain in infants.

新兴证据表明，产后早期胃肠道（GI）发育的变化会影响大脑发育，反之亦然。人们越来越认识到，胃肠道与大脑之间的交流主要是由神经，内分泌，免疫和代谢介质（统称为肠脑轴（GBA））驱动的。在此期间，GBA介体发生了变化，以响应人体的发育变化。这篇综述概述了出生后早期胃肠道和大脑中的主要发育事件以及它们在生理条件下的平行发展轨迹。讨论了GBA介体在脑功能和行为结局及其合成和代谢（部位，时间等）方面的最新知识。