Introduction: The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) shows a constant increase, while the long-term outcome remains poor over the last decades. Radical oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) – initially released by carcinogens, such as alcohol and tobacco, and later maintained by the tumor microenvironment – appear to be strongly associated to chronic inflammation, tumor induction, progression, and metastatic spread. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in primary OSCC compared to healthy tissue specimens and to identify their impact on tumor carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: In this basic research study, tissue samples of 30 patients with primary OSCC were evaluated for the expression of pAKT, pERK, 3-NT, NOS1, NOS3, MAPK1, and IP-8 by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR and compared to those of a healthy control group (n = 30). Results: The results showed a significantly increased expression of pAKT (p < 0.001), pERK (p = 0.01), 3-NT (p = 0.039), NOS1 (p = 0.025), NOS3 (p = 0.046), and MAPK1 (p = 0.032) in OSCC tissue samples compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: The results of this study prove the tested stable degradation products to be suitable for the detection of RONS in OSCC. Moreover, the significantly increased expression underlines the role of RONS in carcinogenesis of OSCC, suggests specific mechanisms of detection, and anticipates supplementary research.

中文翻译：

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口腔鳞状细胞癌的氧化和亚硝化应激

简介：口腔鳞状细胞癌 (OSCC) 的发病率呈持续上升趋势，但在过去几十年中长期结果仍然很差。自由基氧和氮物质 (RONS)——最初由致癌物（如酒精和烟草）释放，后来由肿瘤微环境维持——似乎与慢性炎症、肿瘤诱导、进展和转移扩散密切相关。本研究的目的是评估氧化和亚硝化应激与健康组织标本相比在原发性 OSCC 中的作用，并确定它们对肿瘤致癌作用的影响。材料和方法：在这项基础研究中，评估了 30 名原发性 OSCC 患者的组织样本的 pAKT、pERK、3-NT、NOS1、NOS3、MAPK1、通过免疫组织化学和 RT-PCR 检测 IP-8 和 IP-8，并与健康对照组 (n = 30) 进行比较。结果：结果显示 pAKT (p < 0.001)、pERK (p = 0.01)、3-NT (p = 0.039)、NOS1 (p = 0.025)、NOS3 (p = 0.046) 和 MAPK1 ( p = 0.032) 在 OSCC 组织样本中与健康对照相比。结论：本研究的结果证明测试的稳定降解产物适用于 OSCC 中 RONS 的检测。此外，显着增加的表达强调了 RONS 在 OSCC 癌变中的作用，表明了特定的检测机制，并期待补充研究。与健康对照相比，OSCC 组织样本中的 MAPK1 (p = 0.032)。结论：本研究的结果证明测试的稳定降解产物适用于 OSCC 中 RONS 的检测。此外，显着增加的表达强调了 RONS 在 OSCC 癌变中的作用，表明了特定的检测机制，并期待补充研究。与健康对照相比，OSCC 组织样本中的 MAPK1 (p = 0.032)。结论：本研究的结果证明测试的稳定降解产物适用于 OSCC 中 RONS 的检测。此外，显着增加的表达强调了 RONS 在 OSCC 癌变中的作用，表明了特定的检测机制，并期待补充研究。