Abstract As fossil fuels were depleting at an alarming rate, the development of renewable energy has become necessary. One of the promising renewable energy to be used is biodiesel. The interest in using third-generation feedstock, which is microalgae, is rapidly growing. The use of third-generation biodiesel feedstock will be more beneficial as it does not compete with food crop use and land utilization. The advantageous characteristic which sets microalgae apart from other biomass sources is that microalgae have high biomass yield. Conventionally, microalgae biodiesel is produced by lipid extraction followed by transesterification. In this study, combination process between hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and esterification is explored. The HTL process is one of the biomass thermochemical conversion methods to produce liquid fuel. In this study, the HTL process will be coupled with esterification, which takes fatty acid from HTL as raw material for producing biodiesel. Both the processes will be studied by simulating with Aspen Plus and thermodynamic analysis in terms of energy and exergy. Based on the simulation process, it was reported that both processes demand similar energy consumption. However, exergy analysis shows that total exergy loss of conventional exergy loss is greater than the HTL-esterification process.

中文翻译：

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用于生物柴油生产的微藻常规和水热液化-酯化过程的火用分析

摘要 随着化石燃料以惊人的速度消耗殆尽，发展可再生能源已成为必要。有前途的可再生能源之一是生物柴油。使用第三代原料微藻的兴趣正在迅速增长。使用第三代生物柴油原料将更加有益，因为它不会与粮食作物的使用和土地的利用竞争。将微藻与其他生物质来源区分开来的有利特征是微藻具有高生物质产量。传统上，微藻生物柴油是通过脂质提取然后酯交换来生产的。在这项研究中，探讨了水热液化 (HTL) 和酯化的组合过程。HTL工艺是生产液体燃料的生物质热化学转化方法之一。在这项研究中，HTL工艺将与酯化相结合，以HTL中的脂肪酸为原料生产生物柴油。这两个过程都将通过 Aspen Plus 模拟和热力学分析在能量和火用方面进行研究。根据模拟过程，据报道，这两个过程需要相似的能源消耗。然而，火用分析表明常规火用损失的总火用损失大于HTL-酯化过程。