The sustainable design of public transport services is a crucial issue that may affect the economy of local areas and the social inclusion of their inhabitants. Indeed, transport accessibility of households, businesses, and retail activities is one of the main drivers that influence location choices and sustainable development and where the public transport services may play a key (positive) role. Furthermore, the economic crisis of the 2009 and the current ones caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has further limited the funds available for public services, including the transport sector. In this critical context, sound design of public transport services assumes great importance, especially in light of financial constraints. Starting from these considerations, the aim of this paper has been to propose an innovative methodology for designing public transport services based on a rational decision-making process with stakeholder engagement, aiming to perform a sustainable development perspective. The proposed methodology combines technical aspects, social and political issues, equity perspectives, and it is aimed in obtaining a design solution that can be accepted by the whole community. The proposed theoretical design methodology has also been applied to a case study in order to verify its applicability to a real context, consisting of the design of the public transport plan of the province of Foggia in southern Italy. Applications results show that the sustainable design scenario is not only the best ones from a technical point of view, but also participated, equitable, and approved by both policymakers and stakeholders.

中文翻译：

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设计公共交通服务的公众参与的理性决策过程：意大利的真实案例应用

公共交通服务的可持续设计是一个关键问题，可能会影响当地经济和居民的社会融合。事实上，家庭、企业和零售活动的交通可达性是影响位置选择和可持续发展的主要驱动因素之一，公共交通服务可能在其中发挥关键（积极）作用。此外，2009 年的经济危机和当前由 COVID-19 大流行引起的经济危机进一步限制了可用于公共服务（包括交通部门）的资金。在这种关键背景下，公共交通服务的合理设计显得尤为重要，尤其是在财政拮据的情况下。从这些考虑出发，本文的目的是提出一种创新方法来设计公共交通服务，该方法基于与利益相关者参与的理性决策过程，旨在实现可持续发展的观点。所提出的方法结合了技术方面、社会和政治问题、公平观点，旨在获得一个可以被整个社区接受的设计解决方案。所提出的理论设计方法也已应用于案例研究，以验证其在真实环境中的适用性，包括意大利南部福贾省公共交通规划的设计。应用结果表明，可持续设计方案不仅从技术角度来看是最好的，而且参与性、公平性、