Health impacts of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) vaping are associated with the harmful chemicals emitted from e-cigarettes such as carbonyls. However, the levels of various carbonyl compounds under real-world vaping conditions have been understudied. This study evaluated the levels of carbonyl compounds (e.g., formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, and diacetyl, etc.) under various device settings (i.e., power output), vaping topographies, and e-liquid compositions (i.e., base liquid, flavor types). The results showed that e-vapor carbonyl levels were the highest under higher power outputs. The propylene glycol (PG)-based e-liquids generated higher formaldehyde and acetaldehyde than vegetable glycerin (VG)-based e-liquids. In addition, fruit flavored e-liquids (i.e., strawberry and dragon fruit) generated higher formaldehyde emissions than mint/menthol and creamy/sweet flavored e-liquids. While single-top coils formed 3.5-fold more formaldehyde per puff than conventional cigarette smoking, bottom coils generated 10–10,000 times less formaldehyde per puff. In general, increases in puff volume and longer puff durations generated significantly higher amounts of formaldehyde. While e-cigarettes emitted much lower levels of carbonyl compounds compared to conventional cigarettes, the presence of several toxic carbonyl compounds in e-cigarette vapor may still pose potential health risks for users without smoking history, including youth. Therefore, the public health administrations need to consider the vaping conditions which generated higher carbonyls, such as higher power output with PG e-liquid, when developing e-cigarette product standards.

中文翻译：

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设备设置、使用模式和香料对电子烟羰基排放的影响。

电子烟对健康的影响与电子烟释放的有害化学物质（例如羰基化合物）有关。然而，现实世界的电子烟条件下各种羰基化合物的水平尚未得到充分研究。本研究评估了不同设备设置（即功率输出）、电子烟地形和电子烟液成分（即基液、香精类型）下羰基化合物（例如甲醛、乙醛、乙二醛和二乙酰等）的水平）。结果表明，电子蒸气羰基水平在较高功率输出下最高。基于丙二醇（PG）的电子烟液比基于植物甘油（VG）的电子烟液产生更高的甲醛和乙醛。此外，水果味电子烟液（即草莓和火龙果）产生的甲醛排放量高于薄荷/薄荷醇和奶油/甜味电子烟液。虽然单顶线圈每次抽吸产生的甲醛比传统香烟多 3.5 倍，但底部线圈每次抽吸产生的甲醛却少 10-10,000 倍。一般来说，增加抽吸量和延长抽吸持续时间会产生明显更高量的甲醛。虽然与传统香烟相比，电子烟释放的羰基化合物含量要低得多，但电子烟蒸气中存在的几种有毒羰基化合物仍可能对没有吸烟史的使用者（包括青少年）构成潜在的健康风险。因此，公共卫生部门在制定电子烟产品标准时需要考虑产生较高羰基的电子烟条件，例如PG烟油的较高功率输出。