Phthalates are a huge class of chemicals with a wide spectrum of industrial uses, from the manufacture of plastics to food contact applications, children’s toys, and medical devices. People and animals can be exposed through different routes (i.e., ingestion, inhalation, dermal, or iatrogenic exposure), as these compounds can be easily released from plastics to water, food, soil, air, making them ubiquitous environmental contaminants. In the last decades, phthalates and their metabolites have proven to be of concern, particularly in products for pregnant women or children. Moreover, many authors reported high concentrations of phthalates in soft drinks, mineral waters, wine, oil, ready-to-eat meals, and other products, as a possible consequence of their accumulation along the food production chain and their accidental release from packaging materials. However, due to their different physical and chemical properties, phthalates do not have the same human and environmental impacts and their association to several human diseases is still under debate. In this review we provide an overview of phthalate toxicity, pointing out the health and legal issues related to their occurrence in several types of food and beverage.

中文翻译：

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对食品中邻苯二甲酸盐的存在及其生物影响证据的批判性审查。


邻苯二甲酸盐是一大类化学品，具有广泛的工业用途，从塑料制造到食品接触应用、儿童玩具和医疗设备。人和动物可以通过不同途径接触（即摄入、吸入、皮肤或医源性接触），因为这些化合物很容易从塑料中释放到水、食物、土壤、空气中，使其成为无处不在的环境污染物。在过去的几十年里，邻苯二甲酸盐及其代谢物已被证明是令人担忧的，特别是在孕妇或儿童产品中。此外，许多作者报告说，软饮料、矿泉水、葡萄酒、油、即食食品和其他产品中邻苯二甲酸盐的浓度很高，这可能是它们在食品生产链中积累以及从包装材料中意外释放的结果。 。然而，由于邻苯二甲酸盐的物理和化学性质不同，它们对人类和环境的影响并不相同，而且它们与多种人类疾病的关系仍存在争议。在这篇综述中，我们概述了邻苯二甲酸盐的毒性，指出了与邻苯二甲酸盐在几种食品和饮料中的存在相关的健康和法律问题。