Lightning for Energy and Material Uses: A Structured Review,Global Challenges

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Lightning for Energy and Material Uses: A Structured Review
Global Challenges ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-05 , DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000029
Daniel S Helman ₁

Affiliation

The average atmospheric charge density of Earth is neutral. Charge built up from thunderstorms and lightning phenomena is offset by oceanic surface charging, and offers a source of energy that has not been harnessed broadly. Unfortunately, the total terrestrial energy of the Earth’s atmospheric electrical system is modest (250–500 MW) compared to industrial requirements: Innovations are likely to offer improvements to societal efficiency rather than broad transformations. Direct capture systems located in places with very high occurrence of lightning discharge can generate ≈1 kWh per year on average. Material processing via triggered lightning is limited to techniques that utilize rapid discharges, e.g., metal and glass preprocessing of materials, waste volume reduction, biomass energy conversion, where current prices make plasma‐arc processes prohibitive. Triggered lightning may be used to assist blasting of mountain rock; or as a high‐voltage input for processes such as nuclear fusion. Passive collection of atmospheric electricity is modest but may be used in urban agriculture to increase biomass production. Thunderstorm charge‐separation processes suggest a new class of electricity generators based on kinetic energy and material collision. Ball lightning suggests additional research in dusty plasmas. These methods are all at proof‐of‐concept or early translation stages.

中文翻译：

闪电用于能源和材料用途：结构化审查

地球的平均大气电荷密度是中性的。雷暴和闪电现象产生的电荷被海洋表面充电所抵消，并提供了一种尚未得到广泛利用的能源。不幸的是，与工业需求相比，地球大气电力系统的陆地总能量有限（250-500 MW）：创新可能会提高社会效率，而不是广泛的变革。位于闪电放电发生率极高的地方的直接捕获系统平均每年可发电约 1 kWh。通过触发闪电进行的材料处理仅限于利用快速放电的技术，例如材料的金属和玻璃预处理、废物体积减少、生物质能源转换，目前的价格使得等离子弧工艺令人望而却步。触发闪电可用于辅助爆破山石；或作为核聚变等过程的高压输入。大气电力的被动收集是有限的，但可用于城市农业以增加生物质产量。雷暴电荷分离过程提出了一种基于动能和材料碰撞的新型发电机。球状闪电建议对尘埃等离子体进行更多研究。这些方法都处于概念验证或早期翻译阶段。

更新日期：2020-10-05

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