Atypical memory B cells are induced by either their specific antigen, or inflammatory stimuli

Atypical memory B cells (aMBC) are found in large numbers in malaria and other inflammatory diseases. However, their origin and function remain unclear. In this issue, Aye et al. compared proportions of aMBC and classical MBC (cMBC) induced by malaria and tetanus vaccine between adults living with either continuing or previous exposure to malaria to test whether expansion of aMBC is driven by the presence of their specific inducing antigen or general inflammatory signals (bystander induction). As expected, the authors found that malaria induced MBC were more likely to be aMBC than tetanus induced MBC in both groups. Unexpectedly, the authors found that tetanus MBC from individuals with continuous exposure to malaria were more likely to be aMBC than tetanus MBC among the previously exposed adults. This suggests that both the presence of antigen and disease associated inflammation can drive expansions of aMBC, suggesting that inflammatory conditions could have an indirect impact on the maintenance of immunity to vaccine preventable diseases.

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期刊综述

非典型记忆B细胞由其特异性抗原或炎性刺激诱导

非典型记忆B细胞（aMBC）在疟疾和其他炎症性疾病中大量发现。但是，它们的起源和功能尚不清楚。在本期中，Aye等人。比较疟疾和破伤风疫苗在持续或先前接触疟疾的成年人中由疟疾和破伤风疫苗诱导的aMBC和经典MBC（cMBC）的比例，以测试aMBC的扩增是否由其特异性诱导抗原或一般炎症信号的存在驱动（旁观者诱导）。正如预期的那样，作者发现，两组中由疟疾引起的MBC比破伤风引​​起的MBC更可能是aMBC。出乎意料的是，作者们发现，在以前接触过疟疾的成年人中，持续接触疟疾患者的破伤风MBC比破伤风MBC更可能是aMBC。