Amphetamines are synthetic noncatecholamine sympathomimetic amines that act as psychostimulants. They have been prescribed for the treatment of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and additional health conditions. Amphetamines are also drugs of abuse. Some experimental animal studies suggested adverse developmental effects of amphetamines, including structural malformations. These effects were most often observed in experimental animals at higher dose levels than those used for treatment or abuse and at dose levels that produce maternal toxicity. Controlled studies of amphetamine use for the treatment of ADHD and other indications did not suggest that amphetamines are likely to cause structural malformations, although there are three studies associating medication for ADHD or methamphetamine abuse with gastroschisis. We did not locate studies on the neurobehavioral effects of prenatal exposures to therapeutic amphetamine use. Amphetamine abuse was associated with offspring neurobehavioral abnormalities, but lack of adequate adjustment for confounding interferes with interpretation of the associations. Adverse effects of methamphetamine abuse during pregnancy may be due to factors associated with drug abuse rather than methamphetamine itself. The adverse effects observed in methamphetamine abuse studies may not be extrapolatable to amphetamine medication use.

中文翻译：

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致畸剂更新：苯丙胺。

安非他明是合成的非儿茶酚胺拟交感神经胺，可作为精神兴奋剂。它们已被规定用于治疗注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD)、发作性睡病和其他健康状况。安非他明也是滥用药物。一些实验动物研究表明安非他明对发育有不利影响，包括结构畸形。这些效应最常在实验动物中观察到，其剂量水平高于用于治疗或滥用的剂量水平以及产生母体毒性的剂量水平。使用苯丙胺治疗多动症和其他适应症的对照研究并未表明苯丙胺可能导致结构畸形，尽管有三项研究将多动症或甲基苯丙胺滥用与胃裂相关联。我们没有找到关于产前暴露于治疗性苯丙胺使用的神经行为影响的研究。苯丙胺滥用与后代神经行为异常有关，但缺乏对混杂因素的充分调整会干扰对关联的解释。怀孕期间滥用甲基苯丙胺的不良反应可能是由于与药物滥用相关的因素而不是甲基苯丙胺本身。在甲基苯丙胺滥用研究中观察到的不良反应可能无法外推到苯丙胺药物的使用。怀孕期间滥用甲基苯丙胺的不良反应可能是由于与药物滥用相关的因素而不是甲基苯丙胺本身。在甲基苯丙胺滥用研究中观察到的不良反应可能无法外推到苯丙胺药物的使用。怀孕期间滥用甲基苯丙胺的不良反应可能是由于与药物滥用相关的因素而不是甲基苯丙胺本身。在甲基苯丙胺滥用研究中观察到的不良反应可能无法外推到苯丙胺药物的使用。