Abstract Silver nanoparticles were synthesized with clay mineral (montmorillonite)/PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) suspensions using an electrochemical approach. The polymer and exfoliated clay mineral solution protect and prevent aggregation of the silver nanoparticles. The clay mineral component is environmentally friendly and low cost. Unlike other studies, the clay platelets are exfoliated (sheared apart to individual platelets) to expose a much larger surface area and function as supporting material and stabilizer. A prime advantage of this novel approach is that the polymer and layered silicates protected the silver nanoclusters from agglomerating, effectively immobilizing and enhancing contact with the cathode for reduction. An electrochemical approach for nanoparticle synthesis has several advantages; including control and tuning of the experimental parameters, easy set-up, and short synthesis times. Morphology of the silver nanoparticles depended on current density of the electrochemical synthesis. Transmission electron microscopy showed small spherical silver nanoparticles formed at current densities below 1.25 mA/cm2 and silver dendritic formation at current densities greater than 2.5 mA/cm2. Size distribution of nanocomposites in solution measured by dynamic light scattering was 27 nm for the silver nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction was used to measure the crystallite size of the dried powders, which ranged between 10 and 60 nm depending on the experimental parameters. Nanocomposite coatings were also formed on graphite foil electrodes. Dense uniform films of spherical silver nanoparticles were produced at low current densities ( 2.0 mA/cm2).

中文翻译：

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一种合成粘土/聚合物稳定银纳米粒子的面部方法

摘要 银纳米粒子是用粘土矿物（蒙脱石）/PVP（聚乙烯吡咯烷酮）悬浮液使用电化学方法合成的。聚合物和剥落的粘土矿物溶液保护并防止银纳米颗粒聚集。粘土矿物成分环保，成本低。与其他研究不同，粘土片被剥落（剪切成单个片）以暴露更大的表面积并用作支撑材料和稳定剂。这种新方法的主要优点是聚合物和层状硅酸盐保护银纳米团簇免于团聚，有效地固定和增强与阴极的接触以进行还原。纳米粒子合成的电化学方法有几个优点：包括实验参数的控制和调整、易于设置和较短的合成时间。银纳米颗粒的形态取决于电化学合成的电流密度。透射电子显微镜显示在低于 1.25 mA/cm2 的电流密度下形成小的球形银纳米颗粒，在大于 2.5 mA/cm2 的电流密度下形成银枝晶。对于银纳米颗粒，通过动态光散射测量的溶液中纳米复合材料的尺寸分布为 27 nm。X 射线衍射用于测量干燥粉末的微晶尺寸，其范围在 10 到 60 nm 之间，具体取决于实验参数。纳米复合涂层也在石墨箔电极上形成。在低电流密度下产生致密均匀的球形银纳米颗粒薄膜 (2.