This paper presents a hybrid metaheuristic method for optimal tuning of four different types of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller for an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system. The method is based on the manta ray foraging optimization algorithm which is merged with the simulated annealing algorithm. Additionally, novel objective functions for the optimization of the controller’s parameters are proposed. The performance of the obtained ideal PID, real PID, fractional-order PID, and PID with second-order derivative controllers is verified by carrying out a comparison with the controllers tuned by different algorithms presented in the literature. Results of the simulations validate that each type of controller tuned with the proposed SA–MRFO algorithm outperforms the controllers tuned by other algorithms. Further, a comparative analysis is carried out to determine the most suitable controller for application in AVR systems. The main advantage of the proposed algorithm is the significant increase in the convergence speed.

本文提出了一种混合元启发式方法，用于对自动稳压器（AVR）系统的四种不同类型的比例积分微分（PID）控制器进行最佳调整。该方法基于蝠ta觅食优化算法，该算法与模拟退火算法合并在一起。另外，提出了用于优化控制器参数的新颖目标函数。通过与文献中提出的不同算法调整的控制器进行比较，验证了获得的理想PID，实数PID，分数阶PID和具有二阶导数控制器的PID的性能。仿真结果验证了使用建议的SA–MRFO算法调整的每种控制器的性能均优于其他算法调整的控制器。进一步，进行比较分析，以确定最适用于AVR系统的控制器。该算法的主要优点是收敛速度的显着提高。