The physical connections between the cytoskeletal system and the nucleus provide a route for the nucleus to sense the mechanical stress both inside and outside of the cell. Failure to withstand such stress leads to nuclear rupture, which is observed in human diseases. In this review, we will go through the recent findings and our current understandings of nuclear rupture. Starting with the triggers of nuclear rupture, including the aberrant nuclear lamina composition and the elevated actomyosin contractility. We will also discuss the role of ESCRT-III in nuclear rupture repair and the biological consequences of nuclear rupture, including the negative impacts on cellular compartmentalization, DNA damage, and cellular differentiation. Recent studies on nuclear rupture provide further insights into the direct mechanistic link between nuclear rupture and several pathological conditions. Such knowledge can guide us in developing potential therapeutic solutions for the patients.

细胞骨架系统和细胞核之间的物理连接为细胞核提供了一种在细胞内外感知机械应力的途径。无法承受这样的压力会导致核破裂，这是在人类疾病中观察到的。在这篇综述中，我们将浏览最近的发现以及我们对核破裂的当前理解。从核破裂的触发因素开始，包括异常的核层成分和放高的肌动球蛋白收缩性。我们还将讨论ESCRT-III在核破裂修复中的作用以及核破裂的生物学后果，包括对细胞区室化，DNA损伤和细胞分化的负面影响。最近有关核破裂的研究为核破裂与几种病理状况之间的直接机械联系提供了进一步的见解。这些知识可以指导我们为患者开发潜在的治疗方案。