Abstract The Yakima Fold Province has often been referenced as an Earth analogue to thrust fault-related landforms on many solar system bodies including Mars, the Moon, and Mercury. The asymmetric ridges of deformed flood basalts in this region evoke the morphology and topographic expression of the landforms observed in the Smooth Plains units of Mercury. Observed similarities have supported the interpretation that thrust faults and folds comprise both sets of landforms; however, this is an incomplete analogy. Recent modeling efforts have revealed that the terrestrial landforms developed over millions of years with vertical uplift associated with each landform accumulating on multiple faults and accommodated by large folds. These studies highlight the important role that folding plays in accommodating crustal shortening. Work presented here uses the structural geometries and folding styles from the Yakima Fold Province as a framework for constructing ten three-dimensional models of thrust fault-related landforms in Smooth Plains units near Suisei Planitia on Mercury, which traditionally would have been classified as “wrinkle ridges” based on appearance and some aspects of morphology. Forward modeling of topography revealed that multiple faults and folds are necessary to reproduce complex topographic features. Folding was found to account for >50% of vertical uplift associated with the landforms and without considering folding, shortening accommodated by the landforms was underestimated by 61 to 88%. Studies which use thrust fault-related landforms as proxies for stress and strain must therefore consider the effect of folding on these estimates and their associated effect on tectonic and thermal histories.

中文翻译：

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使用地球模拟断层模型对水星上与逆冲断层相关的地貌进行结构解释

摘要 亚基马褶皱省经常被称为地球类似物，用于在包括火星、月球和水星在内的许多太阳系天体上形成与断层相关的地貌。该地区变形洪流玄武岩的不对称山脊唤起了在水星的平滑平原单元中观察到的地貌的形态和地形表现。观察到的相似性支持了逆冲断层和褶皱包含两组地貌的解释；然而，这是一个不完整的类比。最近的建模工作表明，陆地地貌经过数百万年的发展，与每个地貌相关的垂直隆起在多个断层上积累并被大褶皱容纳。这些研究强调了褶皱在适应地壳缩短方面的重要作用。此处介绍的工作使用来自亚基马褶皱省的构造几何形状和褶皱样式作为框架，在水星上 Suisei Planitia 附近的平滑平原单元中构建十个与逆冲断层相关的地貌三维模型，传统上将其归类为“皱纹”。脊”基于外观和形态的某些方面。地形的正向建模表明，要重现复杂的地形特征，需要多个断层和褶皱。发现褶皱占与地貌相关的垂直隆起的 50% 以上，如果不考虑褶皱，地貌所容纳的缩短被低估了 61% 到 88%。