This systematic literature review aimed at presenting experiences on the use of constructed wetlands (CW) as an alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater in rural areas worldwide. CW units are often preceded by a pre-treatment step, although systems comprising arrangements of CW with different flow types are also applied. The literature review showed that the most commonly treatment system used in rural areas comprised septic tanks followed by CW. Overall, CW rural sanitation systems have shown to consistently remove pollutants, with median removal efficiencies equal to 87% for TSS, 89% for COD, 93% for BOD, 70% for N_total and 72% for P_total. Removal rates of indicator bacteria of up to 4.0 log₁₀ have also been reported. Recent studies have shown CW to be efficient at removing hormones, pharmaceutical compounds and toxicity of wastewater. Consequently, final effluents are often in compliance with effluent discharge and wastewater reuse regulations. The adoption of pre-treatment reduces CW area requirements and clogging issues, and planted CW present benefits in terms of the removal of pollutants including pathogens. Low implementation and operational costs, simplified operation and maintenance, and high-quality final effluents favour CW. Guidelines provided by the local, competent authorities may support the rural application of CW. Finally, CW systems comprise a promising, sustainable solution for rural sanitation which may support access to adequate and equitable sanitation to several people as well as safe wastewater recycling and reuse, as encouraged by UN Sustainable Development Goal 6, Targets 3 and 4.

这篇系统的文献综述旨在介绍使用人工湿地（CW）作为全球农村地区生活污水处理的替代方法的经验。CW单元通常要经过预处理步骤，尽管也可以使用包括具有不同流量类型的CW布置的系统。文献综述表明，农村地区最常用的处理系统是化粪池，其次是化学废物。总体而言，CW农村卫生系统显示出始终如一的去除污染物，TSS的中位数去除效率等于87％，COD的89％，BOD的93％，N_总量的70％，P_总量的72％。指示菌的去除率最高为4.0 log ₁₀也有报道。最近的研究表明，连续波可有效去除激素，药物化合物和废水的毒性。因此，最终废水通常符合废水排放和废水回用法规。预处理的采用减少了化学废物处理区域的需求和堵塞问题，并且种植的化学废物处理在去除包括病原体在内的污染物方面具有益处。较低的实施和运营成本，简化的运营与维护以及高质量的最终废水都有利于CW。当地主管部门提供的指导原则可以支持在农村地区使用化学武器。最后，CW系统具有广阔的前景，