An experimentally induced three-dimensional petroleum seepage flume was used to investigate its migration in heterogeneous soil layers and a method for monitoring resistivity was adopted, under conditions of fluctuating water levels and rainfall. The corresponding mechanisms were then analyzed based on the resistivity characteristics and combined with three-dimensional inversion images. Finally, physical and chemical property analysis was conducted to verify the results of resistivity monitoring. The results demonstrated that: (1) In the process of natural oil leakage, the variation of soil resistivity presents a concave shape in the resistivity profile. Thus, oil migration exhibited the following patterns. At first, circular migration front was dominant in a vertical direction. Subsequently, after vertical migration was impeded, lateral migration was dominant. As the crude oil gradually accumulated, the migration front broke through the limitation of lithologic interface and continued vertically. (2) By comparing the two resistivity monitoring methods, namely the Wenner and Pole-pole methods, it was demonstrated that the inversion resistivity measured by Wenner method was closer to the true resistivity, and the resistivity variations were more distinguishable. (3) The resistivity inversion profile demonstrated that the low resistivity anomaly of the crude oil leakage area was related to the low water content of the soil layer in the test area. (4) Fluctuations in water level increased the diffusion range of crude oil beyond the original pollution source area, especially horizontally. (5) Percolation of rainfall caused the water level to rise, and the crude oil was evenly distributed in the soil layers above the capillary zone. (6) Through sample analysis and verification, it was demonstrated that the resistivity method can accurately and intuitively present the characteristics of crude oil migration. These results provide theoretical support for the rapid determination of the migration range and characteristics of crude oil in heterogeneous soil layers.

利用实验诱导的三维石油渗漏水槽研究了其在非均质土壤层中的迁移，并在水位和降雨波动的情况下采用了监测电阻率的方法。然后根据电阻率特征分析相应的机理，并与三维反演图像相结合。最后，进行了理化性质分析，以验证电阻率监测的结果。结果表明：（1）在天然石油泄漏过程中，土壤电阻率的变化在电阻率曲线上呈凹形。因此，油迁移表现出以下模式。首先，圆形迁移前沿在垂直方向上占主导地位。随后，在阻止垂直迁移之后，横向迁移占主导。随着原油的逐渐积累，运移前沿突破了岩性界面的局限性，并垂直延伸。（2）通过比较两种电阻率监测方法，即温纳法和极点法，证明了用温纳法测得的反演电阻率更接近于真实电阻率，并且电阻率变化更明显。（3）电阻率反演资料表明，原油泄漏区的低电阻率异常与试验区土壤层的低含水量有关。（4）水位的波动使原油的扩散范围超出了原始污染源区域，尤其是水平方向。（5）降雨的渗漏导致水位上升，原油均匀分布在毛细带以上的土壤层中。（6）通过样品分析和验证，表明电阻率法可以准确，直观地反映原油运移特征。这些结果为快速确定非均质土壤层中原油的运移范围和特征提供了理论依据。